Stres in spoprijemanje pri poklicnih gasilcih v Sloveniji : magistrsko delo

Gartner, Nina (author), Masten, Robert (mentor)

Gasilski poklic v Sloveniji uživa velik ugled in zaupanje, kar s seboj prinaša velika pričakovanja in hkrati neupoštevanje težav gasilcev. Raziskave kažejo, da se ti pri svojem delu srečujejo z raznolikimi visoko stresnimi okoliščinami, ki lahko vplivajo na njihovo duševno zdravje. Poleg kritičnih dogodkov raziskovalci poudarjajo pomen vsakodnevnih stresorjev, ki imajo na posameznike običajno bolj škodljiv vpliv. V populaciji gasilcev obstaja višja prevalenca potravmatske stresne motnje, motenj spanja in prekomernega pitja alkohola, ki je povezana s stresnim značajem njihovega dela. Pomemben varovalni dejavnik je rezilientnost, pri PTSM pa nizka občutljivost na anksioznost. Starost in dolžina opravljanja poklicnega dela gasilcev nista enoznačno povezani s težavami v duševnem zdravju, ki se nanašajo na stres. V svoji magistrski nalogi sem preučevala pojavnost motenj spanja, prekomernega uživanja alkohola in potravmatske stresne simptomatike ter vlogo, ki jo imajo pri tem poklicni stres, rezilientnost in občutljivost na anksioznost. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 311 slovenskih poklicnih gasilcev iz 13 poklicnih enot. Udeleženci so rešili sklop vprašalnikov, s katerimi sem pridobila njihove demografske podatke ter informacije o oceni obremenjenosti s stresom, rezilientnosti, občutljivosti na anksioznost, kvaliteti spanja, uživanju alkohola in prisotnosti potravmatske stresne simptomatike. Vprašalnike so reševali v živo po metodi papir-svinčnik ali prek spletne ankete 1ka. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je tudi v Sloveniji med gasilci visoka prevalenca motenj spanja in prekomernega pitja alkohola, prevalenca simptomov PTSM pa je podobna kot v splošni populaciji. Vse mere težav v duševnem zdravju so statistično značilno korelirale med seboj, kar kaže na prisotno sopojavnost. Logistične regresije so pokazale, da sta izmed izbranih spremenljivk najpomembnejša napovednika težav v duševnem zdravju visok poklicni stres in nizka rezilientnost. Raziskava kaže na problematiko subjektivne obremenjenosti z vsakodnevnimi poklicnimi stresorji, ki počasi krhajo sposobnost za spoprijemanje s stresom. Podatki so omejeni zaradi prečnega pristopa, ki daje vpogled le v stanje v nekem trenutku in onemogoča sklepanje o vzrokih za težave.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: gasilci, stres, rezilientnost, občutljivost na anksioznost, duševno zdravje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Gartner]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 64 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135095
• UDC: 159.97:614.842.83(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 100553731
• Publication date in RUL: 22.02.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Stress and coping in Slovenian occupational firefighters

Abstract

great expectations of the society and non-intentional ignorance of their problems. According to research, they work in a variety of highly stressful circumstances, which may also affect their mental health. In addition to critical events, researchers emphasize the importance of everyday stressors, which tend to have detrimental effects on individuals. Research on a population of firefighters showed a higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders and excessive alcohol consumption, which is associated with the stressful nature of their work. An important protective factor is resilience and in PTSD low anxiety sensitivity. Firefighters' age and length of service are not unequivocally associated to stress-related mental health problems. In my master's thesis, I studied the incidence of sleep disorders, excessive alcohol consumption and post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as the role of occupational stress, resilience and anxiety sensitivity in these conditions. Research sample consisted of 311 Slovenian occupational firefighters from 13 units. By having participants complete a set of questionnaires, we were able to obtain their demographic data and information on perceived stress, resilience, anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality, alcohol consumption and the presence of post-traumatic stress symptoms. The questionnaires were completed live using the paper-pencil method or via the 1ka online survey. Results also showed high prevalence of sleep disorders and excessive alcohol consumption in Slovene firefighters, but the prevalence of PTSD symptoms is similar to the general population. Correlations between measures of mental health were statistically significant, which shows a high frequency of comorbidity between the said problems. Logistic regression showed that high occupational stress and low resilience are the most significant predictors of mental health issues in our case. The research emphasizes the importance of subjective everyday stressors (daily hassles), which can slowly weaken the capability for coping with stress. They are limited, however, because we used a cross-sectional approach, which only provides an insight into a specific moment; therefore, we cannot make conclusions about causes for these conditions.

• Keywords: firefighters, stress, resilience, anxiety sensitivity, mental health