AVTOMATIZACIJA VARJENJA Z VARILNIM APARATOM TIG

Javornik, Žiga (author), Možek, Matej (mentor)

V diplomskem delu je predstavljen postopek avtomatizacije varjenja po postopku TIG. Avtomatizacija je bila izvedena z uporabo Beckhoff krmilnika in spremljajočih komponent. Naprava realizira čim enostavnejše varjenje dveh komponent. Med obema komponentama je stičišče, po katerem bo potekal zvar. V nalogi je predstavljena in izvedena vertikalna regulacija višine varilne konice z meritvijo napetosti obloka, s čimer posredno dosežemo tudi regulacijo temperature. Na začetku naloge je opisan koncept, cilj in način delovanja naprave. Predstavljena je blokovna shema za lažjo predstavo sistema. Opisane so uporabljene periferne enote, pogonska tehnika in motorji. Predstavljeno je podjetje Beckhoff, katerega komponente so uporabljene na napravi, ter EtherCAT protokol, ki so ga razvili in patentirali. Programiranje je potekalo v okolju Visual Studio 2017 z integriranim orodjem Beckhoff TwinCAT3. Prikazan je proces od zasnove avtomatov stanj do pisanja kode v standardiziranem jeziku Structured Text, definiranje in vzpostavljanje funkcijskih blokov, metod. Za vsak del naprave je narejen funkcijski blok z algoritmom. Pred opisom programske kode je predstavljena ideja z izpostavljenimi izseki programske kode. Kot uporabniški vmesnik smo uporabili vmesnik človek-stroj (ang. human machine interface, HMI), ki smo ga programirali z uporabo integriranega programskega orodja TwinCAT 3 HMI (prav tako v okolju Visual Studio 2017). Uporabnik lahko spreminja nastavitve, spremlja trenutni korak delovnega cikla, upravlja z recepti, … Poleg HMI enote ima naprava tudi ročno konzolo za ročni nadzor med procesom varjenja. Naprava je bila zgrajena, povezana in zagnana do te mere, da uporabnik samo nastavi parametre na HMI enoti glede na potrebe procesa. Z izdelano napravo smo uspešno izvedli testno varjenje. Naprava ima veliko premikajočih delov, zato je bilo večkrat preverjeno varnostno delovanje naprave in izklop v sili. V prihodnosti je cilj dodelava in integracija strojnega vida za horizontalno sledenje varilnemu centru.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: TIG, avtomatizacija, regulacija napetosti, TwinCAT 3, HMI
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-134774
• COBISS.SI-ID: 101246723
• Publication date in RUL: 01.02.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: TIG WELDING AUTOMATION

Abstract

Presented thesis describes the design and implementation of TIG welding automation process. Control logic was realized using Beckhoff PLC with accompanying elements. Principal intention of the design is to simplify welding process of two components. Welding is done is the area where the two different objects are in contact. Vertical regulation of the welding source was realized with measurement of voltage on the electrode. By maintaining constant voltage, passively constant temperature is also maintained. The thesis begins with concept and final goal presentation. System layout was shown in a block diagram with all the component groups described. Each used group is then described in detail, further elaborating used components, motor drives and the motors. A brief description of Beckhoff company was given, and the EtherCAT communication protocol that is used as their standard. Programing was done in Visual Studio 2017 using Beckhoff integrated tool TwinCAT 3. Entire programming process is shown from initial ideas to creation of state diagrams, which further lead to PLC coding in standardized programming language Structured Text. Each machine part is represented with a corresponding function block that describes the algorithm in detail. Before presenting the actual code, the aim of described function block in given. User interaction was done using a HMI (human-machine interface) device. HMI programming was done in TwinCAT 3 HMI, which is also integrated to Visual Studio 2017. HMI was used as user interface for setting of different parameters, presentation of current machine working cycle state, management of recipes etc. There is also a remote console which is used to control the machine when welding is in progress. The machine was designed, implemented and started. It is now up to the user to set proper parameters with the help of HMI. Initial test welds were performed successfully – machine still needs some fine tuning of parameters. Because there is a lot of moving parts, the machine safety features, and emergency stop were tested thoroughly. Future plans are to add horizontal regulation of the electrode with the use of computer vision.

• Keywords: TIG, automation, voltage regulation, TwinCAT 3, HMI