Skrhan model "ene države z dvema sistemoma" v Hongkongu in implikacije za Tajvan

Mermolja, Tjaša (avtor), Istenič, Saša (mentor)

Kitajske oblasti so pred več desetletji za združitev Tajvana s celino oblikovale model poznan kot »ena država z dvema sistemoma«, kjer naj bi Tajvan znotraj te ene velike Kitajske imel status posebnega administrativnega območja z visoko stopnjo avtonomije, s svojo izvršno, zakonodajno in sodno oblastjo ter s svojo vojsko. Poskusno so ta model sprva vpeljali v Hongkongu, vendar se je izkazalo, da je prvotno obljubljena avtonomnost veljala le na papirju, saj je model, ki naj bi od implementacije leta 1997 veljal nadaljnjih 50 let, danes opazen le še v zelo skrhani obliki. O tem pričajo množični protesti, ki so se leta 2019 začeli v Hongkongu in dosegli vse svetovne medije. Zahteve protestnikov po večji samostojnosti, demokraciji in držanju prvotnih obljub LRK so pripeljali do večjega zanimanja o položaju Hongkonga in politiki, ki jo LRK izvaja v posebnem administrativnem območju. Prav zato je v diplomski nalogi podrobno predstavljen model »ene države z dvema sistemoma«, njegovo zgodovinsko ozadje in njegova implementacija v Hongkongu, kjer je močno razvidno neskladje prvotnih obljub z dejanskim stanjem. Vlada v Pekingu že desetletja želi ta zastareli model vpeljati tudi na Tajvan, vendar pa ji to zaradi nesoglasja tajvanske vlade še ni uspelo. Tajvanske oblasti se namreč zavedajo, da bi bil Tajvan s tem modelom »avtonomnosti« popolnoma podrejen vladi v Pekingu, ki se smatra za edino legitimno kitajsko vlado. V nalogi so zato predstavljene tudi implikacije, ki jih je dogajanje v Hongkongu v zadnjih letih imelo za Tajvan.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: ena država z dvema sistemoma, politika ene Kitajske, Kitajska, Hongkong, Tajvan
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-134732
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.01.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: A tarnished model of “one country with two systems” in Hong Kong and implications for Taiwan

Izvleček

A few decades ago, the Chinese authorities coined the »one country, two systems« term to signify a system where Taiwan would be united with Mainland China by being granted a status of a special administrative region with a high level of autonomy, its own legislative, executive and judicial power and its own army. This model was first introduced in Hong Kong, although, as it later turned out, the promised autonomy only existed on paper, since the model which was implemented in 1997 and was supposed to be valid for the next 50 years, today only exists in a much-diminished form. One of the strongest indicators of that is the mass protests that started in Hong Kong in 2019 and reached even the worldwide media. The protestors' demands for bigger autonomy, democracy, and the PRC government's abidance of the promises that were made when the model was first implemented, led to more interest in the political position of Hong Kong and the political model that PRC has implemented in the special administrative region. The PRC government in Beijing has been trying to implement this obsolete model in Taiwan as well, but without much success due to Taiwan's government's disagreement. Taiwanese authorities are aware that with the implementation of this »autonomous« model, Taiwan would still be a subject to the government in Beijing, which is deemed the only legitimate Chinese government. In this thesis, I shall therefore first describe the »one country, two systems« model, its historical background and its implementation in Hong Kong, where the discrepancy between the initial promises and the actual state of affairs is the most visible, and lastly discuss the implications which recent events that happened in Hong Kong had for Taiwan.

• Ključne besede: one country with two systems, the “one China” policy, PRC, Hong Kong, Taiwan