Strateški in metodološki izzivi načrtovanja kmetijske politike na področju varstva narave v Sloveniji

Šumrada, Tanja (author), Erjavec, Emil (mentor)

Kmetijstvo sodi med najpomembnejše dejavnike zmanjševanja biotske pestrosti v EU, vendar integracija varstva narave v Skupno kmetijsko politiko ostaja nezadostna. Namen doktorske disertacije je proučiti načrtovanje, učinke in vrednotenje slovenske kmetijske politike na področju ohranjanja narave. Analiza z modeli BRT je pokazala negativno povezavo med diverziteto ptic kmetijske krajine in neposrednimi plačili, okoljski ukrepi pa so imeli v obdobju 2008–2019 na diverziteto ptic šibek relativni vpliv. Diverziteta ptic je bila najvišja v odprti krajini na območjih Natura 2000 z visoko pestrostjo kmetijskih rastlin in nizko obtežbo z živino. Programsko-teoretična analiza slovenske kmetijske politike je pokazala številne vrzeli v opredelitvi intervencijske logike. Manjka predvsem opredelitev ciljev in kazalnikov, ki bi omogočali presojo uspešnosti ukrepanja. Integracija varstva narave je na strateškem nivoju omejena predvsem na prostovoljne ukrepe, strategije za preprečevanje konfliktov med naravovarstvenimi in drugimi cilji kmetijske politike pa večinoma niso opredeljene. Ocenili smo, da je bilo v programskem obdobju 2014–2020 varstvu narave namenjenih okrog 5 % (17,8–19,4 mio EUR) letnega proračuna slovenske kmetijske politike. Disertacijo zaokrožuje analiza možnosti za izboljšanje rezultatske naravnanosti kmetijsko-okoljskih ukrepov, ki je potekala s poskusom diskretne izbire (521 kmetov na območju Haloz in Krasa) ter kvalitativno tematsko analizo intervjujev s kmeti, raziskovalci, odločevalci in kmetijskimi svetovalci. Kmetje so izkazali statistično značilno večje preference do rezultatskih shem kot do shem s predpisanimi praksami ter naklonjenost do individualnega pristopa k svetovanju. Za uspešno uveljavitev rezultatskih shem je nujno izboljšanje podatkovnih podlag, raziskav trajnostnih proizvodnih modelov ter usposobljenosti kadrov v nadzornih in svetovalnih službah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kmetijstvo, kmetijska politika, varstvo narave, biotska pestrost, ptice, Slovenija
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-134435
• COBISS.SI-ID: 95085315
• Publication date in RUL: 14.01.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Strategic and methodological challenges of agricultural policy planning in the field of nature conservation in Slovenia

Abstract

Agriculture is one of the most important factors in reducing biodiversity in the EU. However, the integration of nature conservation into the Common Agricultural Policy remains inadequate. The purpose of the doctoral dissertation is to study the planning, effects and evaluation of the Slovenian agricultural policy in the field of nature conservation. An analysis using BRT models showed a negative link between the diversity of farmland birds and direct payments, while environmental measures had a weak relative influence on bird diversity in the period 2008–2019. Bird diversity was highest in open landscapes on Natura 2000 sites that had a high diversity of agricultural plants and low stocking density. A programme theory analysis of the Slovenian agricultural policy showed numerous gaps in the definition of the intervention logic. Particularly lacking is a definition of objectives and indicators that would enable an assessment of the effectiveness of interventions. At the strategic level, the integration of nature conservation is limited mainly to voluntary measures. Strategies for preventing conflicts between nature conservation and other objectives of agricultural policy are mostly not defined. We estimated that in the 2014–2020 programming period, approximately 5 % (17.8–19.4 million EUR) of the annual budget of the Slovenian agricultural policy was allocated to nature conservation. The dissertation is concluded with an analysis of the possibilities for improving the result-orientation of agri-environmental measures, which was conducted with a discrete choice experiment (521 farmers in the Haloze and Karst area) and a qualitative thematic analysis of interviews with farmers, researchers, decision-makers and agricultural advisers. The farmers showed statistically significant higher preferences for result-based schemes than for schemes with prescribed practices and a preference for an individual approach to knowledge transfer. In order to successfully implement result-based schemes, it is necessary to improve data bases, research into sustainable production models and the training of staff in supervisory and advisory services.

• Keywords: agriculture, agricultural policy, nature conservation, biodiversity, birds, Slovenia