Sistematični pregled vpliva makro in mikro hranil, prehranskih dodatkov ter diet na žensko in moško plodnost : magistrsko delo

Mrgole, Kaja (author), Karpljuk, Damir (mentor), Šuštaršič, Ana (comentor)

V drugem desetletju novega tisočletja ostaja neplodnost zelo razširjeno globalno stanje. Neplodnost je bolezen, s katero se srečuje vedno več žensk in moških z nezdravim življenjskim slogom. Neplodnost je opredeljena kot bolezen, za katero je značilno, da ne pride do zanositve po 12 mesecih rednih, nezaščitenih spolnih odnosov. Vsakdanjik vključuje vedno več dejavnikov življenjskega sloga, kot so nezdravo prehranjevanja, premalo telesne aktivnosti, kajenje, alkohol in stres, kateri imajo lahko vpliv na plodnost in jih je moč spremeniti. Cilj dela je sistematičen pregled in ovrednotenje literature, ki se navezuje na makro in mikro hranila, prehranske dodatke in diete v povezavi z žensko in moško plodnostjo. V pregled so bile vključene raziskave, ki smo jih našli s pomočjo različnih iskalnikov in podatkovnimi bazami na temo prehrana in neplodnost. V sistematičnem pregledu smo ugotovili, da je zdrava prehrana bogata z nekaterimi hranili, kot so omega-3 maščobne kisline, nekaterimi antioksidanti in vitamini, nizkim glikemičnim indeksom, nizka vsebnost nasičenih maščobnih kislin, transmaščobnih kislin in ogljikovih hidratov, bila pozitivno povezana z žensko plodnostjo in kakovosti semena. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da ima velik delež moških in žensk v rodni dobi nižje ravni od priporočenih ravni nekaterih mikro hranil. V pregledu smo tudi ugotovili, da pozitivno vplivajo na plodnost omega 3 maščobne kisline, folati, vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, selen in koencim Q10. Poleg omenjenih vitaminov in mineralov na moško kakovost sperme in število semenčic vplivajo tudi cink, kalcij in magnezij.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: neplodnost, moški, ženske, mikro hranila, makro hranila, diete, prehranski dodatki
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-134390
• COBISS.SI-ID: 97729539
• Publication date in RUL: 13.01.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Systematic review of the influence of macro and micro nutrition, nutritional supplements and diets on female and male fertility

Abstract

In the second decade of the new millennium, infertility remains a widespread global situation. Infertility is a disease faced by more and more women and men with unhealthy lifestyles. Infertility is defined as a disease characterized by not conceiving after 12 months of regular, unprotected sex. Everyday life includes more and more lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol and stress, which can affect fertility and people can change it. The aim of this study was to systematically review and evaluate trials related to micro and macro nutrients, nutritional supplements and diets in connection with female and male fertility. The review included research we found with the help of various search engines and databases on the topic of nutrition and infertility. In a systematic review we found that a healthy diet rich in certain nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, some antioxidants in vitamins, low glycemic index, low in saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids and carbohydrates, is positively associated with fertility and seed quality. It has been found that a large proportion of men and women of childbearing age have lower levels than the recommended levels of some micronutrients. In the review, we are also found that omega 3 fatty acids, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, selenium and coenzyme Q10 had a positive effect on fertility. In addition to the mentioned vitamins and minerals zinc, calcium and magnesium have a positive effect on male sperm quality and on the total sperm count.

• Keywords: infertility, male, female, micronutrients, macronutrients, diet, supplements