The diploma work first presents the properties of different dienes and dienophiles involved in Diels–Alder reactions, as well as the mechanism and selectivity of these [4+2] cycloadditions. In the following paragraphs, the focus is on the current issue of pollution prevention and the basic principles of green chemistry, the main goal of which is to improve chemical processes and thus reduce the production and use of substances harmful to humans and the environment. In the search for more environmentally friendly synthetic pathways, new green methods of activating reactions have been developed. In my diploma work, I focused mainly on microwave irradiation and the use of high pressure. Finally, I present the use of these two methods on the examples of Diels–Alder reactions in which in most cases as dienophiles substituted cyclic systems are used.
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