Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in the solution. These include lowering the vapour pressure, increasing the boiling point, lowering the freezing point and osmotic pressure. These properties are important characteristics of any system which are increasingly being exploited by humanity, and some processes in nature are to some extent based on these.
Each colligative trait is briefly described in the introduction to the thesis. The second part of the work contains the theoretical foundations, the most important connections for calculating colligative properties, as well as comparisons of the differences between ideal and real systems. The third central part of the work presents examples of colligative properties in nature and their useful value for humans. At vapour pressure, azeotrope distillation is presented and a simple experiment to present the vapour pressure difference of solution and water. Freezing point reduction is presented in the case of road salting and its impact on the environment in terms of pollution, and in the case of the survival of fish and insects with the help of a protein that prevents the formation of ice in the blood. Finally, osmosis is described in terms of obtaining drinking water from brine and the role of osmosis in plants in their pumping of water from the soil.
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