Beračenje kot pravni fenomen: Razpetost med človekovo pravico in kaznivim ravnanjem

Sergaš, Valentina (author), Zagorc, Saša (mentor)

Beračenje je pojav, ki v svojem bistvu pomeni klic na pomoč in prošnjo za usmiljenje drugih ljudi. Kljub temu je bilo skozi zgodovino podvrženo mnogim prepovedim in ponovnim poskusom kriminalizacije v zadnjih letih. Magistrska naloga tako obravnava vprašanje beračenja kot pravnega fenomena. Zgodovina pravnega urejanja beračenja daje vpogled v razloge, zaradi katerih je bilo to v preteklosti prepovedano. Analiza veljavne zakonodaje nudi pregled nad tem, katere izbrane države danes omejujejo beračenje in do kakšne mere, pri čemer je poudarek na tem, ali gre za prekršek ali za kaznivo dejanje. Glede na trende kriminalizacije je mogoče sklepati, da so novi poskusi prepovedi usmerjeni predvsem proti Romom, kar sovpada z vstopom Romunije in Bolgarije v Evropsko Unijo. Nadalje se magistrska naloga osredotoča na beračenje z vidika prava Evropske konvencije za varstvo človekovih pravic. Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice je v zadevi Lăcătuș proti Švici ugotovilo kršitev pritožničine pravice do zasebnega življenja, ki je bilo posledica njenega kaznovanja na podlagi popolne prepovedi beračenja. Poleg omenjene pravice avtorica identificira še druge konvencijsko zagotovljene pravice, ki bi utegnile biti kršene zaradi prepovedi beračenja in predstavi možne situacije, v katerih bi lahko do tega prišlo. Nazadnje se magistrska naloga osredotoči na vprašanje legitimnosti kriminalizacje beračenja po načelu kazenskopravne škode (harm principle).

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: beračenje, pravo človekovih pravic, kazensko pravo, pravica do zasebnega življenja, Romi, diskriminacija, načelo kazenskopravne škode
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-133350
• COBISS.SI-ID: 85138179
• Publication date in RUL: 23.11.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Begging as a legal phenomenon: The dichotomy between human rights and criminal conduct

Abstract

Begging is a phenomenon that essentially means calling for help and asking for mercy from other people. Nevertheless, throughout history it has been subjected to many bans and repeated attempts at criminalization in recent years. This master's thesis thus deals with the issue of begging as a legal phenomenon. The history of the legal regulation of begging provides insight into the reasons why this has been prohibited in the past. An analysis of current legislation provides an overview of which selected countries restrict begging today and to what extent, with an emphasis on whether it is a misdemeanor or a crime. Given the trends in criminalization, it can be concluded that the new attempts at banning begging are aimed primarily at the Roma, which coincides with the accession of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union. Furthermore, the master's thesis focuses on begging from the point of view of the law of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights. In Lăcătuș v. Switzerland, the European Court of Human Rights found a violation of the applicant's right to private life as a result of her punishment under a total ban on begging. In addition to the aforementioned right, the author identifies other rights guaranteed by the Convention that could be violated due to the prohibition of begging and presents possible situations in which this could occur. Finally, the master's thesis focuses on the question of the legitimacy of the criminalization of begging under the harm principle.

• Keywords: begging, human rights law, criminal law, right to private life, Roma, discrimination, harm principle