Potek in prognoza zdravljenja adolescentnih idiopatskih skolioz : diplomsko delo

Marksl, Maja (author), Lampe, Tomaž (mentor), Horvat, Josip (comentor), Levec, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Hrbtenica omogoča telesu gibljivost trupa in glave, prav tako pa mu daje oporo, ravnotežje in pokončno držo. Pri človeku ima v sagitalni ravnini obliko črke S, v frontalni ravnini pri vzravnanem telesu pa je ravna. V prsnem in križničnem delu je izbočena nazaj, v ledvenem in vratnem delu pa naprej. Raznovrstne deformacije in bolezenski procesi pa lahko privedejo do stranske ukrivljenosti hrbtenice ali skolioze. Danes jo opredeljujemo kot tridimenzionalno torzijsko deformacijo hrbtenice in trupa, ki povzroči lateralni odklon v frontalni ravnini, aksialno rotacijo v horizontalni ravnini in spremembo sagitalnega profila. Idiopatskih skolioz je 80 %, ostalih 20 % pa sekundarnih. Zdravljenje skolioze lahko poteka operativno oziroma konzervativno. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati vplive konzervativnega in operativnega zdravljenja za paciente v odrasli dobi. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda s pregledom domače in tuje literature pri primerjavi med ortotičnim in operativnim zdravljenjem pri pacientih z AIS. Analizirali smo tri vprašalnike ter na podlagi pregledanega sestavili anketo, s katero smo anonimno anketirali odrasle paciente z adolescentno idiopatsko skoliozo. Rezultati: Anketni vprašalnik je sestavljen iz osnovnih podatkov, ki zajemajo starost in spol preiskovancev ter šestnajst vprašanj o velikosti krivine hrbtenice pred in po zdravljenju AIS, bolečini, težavah z dihanjem ter vrstah zdravljenja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 71 oseb, od tega je bilo 63 žensk in 8 moških. Povprečna starost preiskovancev je bila 39,1 let. Razprava in sklep: Med pregledom rezultatov ankete smo ugotovili, da je bila večina preiskovancev zdravljenih konzervativno, nekaj pa tudi operativno. Preiskovanci so navajali močne bolečine in težave z dihanjem predvsem ob večjem fizičnem naporu. Prišli smo do spoznanja, da se zdravstveno stanje pacientov s starostjo slabša, prav tako pa smo opazili, da delež pacientov z AIS ne pozna velikosti ukrivljenosti svoje hrbtenice.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, ortotika in protetika, skolioza, adolescentna idiopatska skolioza, zdravljenje, operativne tehnike, fizioterapija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Marksl]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 38 str., [4] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-132729
• UDC: 617.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 83345411
• Publication date in RUL: 01.11.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The course and prognosis for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The spine enables the movement of the torso and head, as well providing it with support, balance and an upright posture. The sagittal plane of the human spine is the shape of an 'S', whereas the frontal plane of an upright corpus is straight. It is extruded backwards at the height of the chest and sacrum, intruded at the kidneys and neck. Various deformations and illnesses can also lead to a lateral deformation of the spine or scoliosis. Today this condition is classified as a three-dimensional torsional deformation of the spine, caused by a lateral deviation of the frontal plane, axial rotation of the horizontal plane, implicitly, the change of the sagittal profile. The total of 80 % of all cases are recognized as idiopathic scoliosis, with the other 20 % being secondary. Treatment of this condition can be surgical or conservative. Purpose: The intent of the diploma thesis is to research the impacts of both conservative and surgical treatment methods on adult patients. Methods: The literature review of domestic and foreign literature was conducted. Comparisons of orthotic and operative treatments on patients with AIS were of primary focus in the source material. We analyzed three questionnaires and based on the review we compiled a survey with which we will anonymously survey adult patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Results: The survey questionnaire consists of basic data, which are gender and age and sixteen questions, which were all related to the curvature of spine before and after treatment of AIS, pain, breathing problems and form of treatment. In total, 71 people participated in the survey, 63 of which were women and 8 participants were men. The average age of participants was 39.1 years. Discussion and conclusion: Upon analysis it was determined that most subjects were treated conservatively, only a few were treated operatively. Subjects reported of severe pain and difficult breathing, especially with increased physical exertion. It can be observed that the health status of patients deteriorates with age. The data also show that a number of patients with AIS are not aware of the extent of their spinal curvature.

• Keywords: diploma theses, orthotics and prosthetics, scoliosis, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, medical treatment, surgical techniques, physiotherapy