Otrok v bolnišničnem okolju brez prisotnosti staršev : diplomsko delo

Ribič, Gaja (author), Bizjak, Martina (mentor), Kamenšek, Tina (comentor), Thaler, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Hospitalizacija otroka je lahko stresen dogodek zanj in za njegovo družino. Včasih straši ne morejo biti prisotni pri hospitalizaciji, kar lahko na njih še bolj negativno vpliva. To lahko pusti različne posledice. Prisotnost staršev oziroma skrbnikov pa ima lahko tudi vpliv na samo zdravljenje in ozdravitev otroka. Če starši niso prisotni, lahko k boljšemu počutju otroka prispevamo zdravstveni delavci. Tudi v primeru, če so starši prisotni med hospitalizacijo, se lahko pojavi stres pri njih in pri njihovem otroku. In tudi v tem primeru imajo zdravstveni delavci veliko vlogo. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kako bolnišnično okolje vpliva na otroka, če v njem biva brez staršev, ter kako se počutijo starši, če je njihov otrok hospitaliziran. Ocenjujemo, da je kar nekaj načinov, kako lahko zdravstveni delavci pomagamo k učinkoviti zdravstveni negi in dobremu počutju otroka ter kako lahko morebiti za nekaj časa nadomestimo njegove starše. Metode: V diplomskem delu smo zbirali, pregledali in analizirali literaturo s področja pediatrične zdravstvene nege, in sicer od leta 2000 do 2021. Pregledali smo strokovno in znanstveno literaturo v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, povezano s to tematiko. Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda, torej smo opazovali, kakšno je dejansko stanje. Rezultati: Na splošno je hospitalizacija za otroke stresna izkušnja. Številne študije so pokazale, da se, ne glede na starost in obvladovanje, šolski otroci lahko bojijo in imajo skrbi zaradi bolezni in hospitalizacije. Tudi na starše lahko hospitalizacija otrok vpliva zelo stresno, se bojijo, ne vedo kaj jih čaka in iščejo informacije. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da imajo pri hospitalizaciji otrok precej veliko vlogo tudi zdravstveni delavci, ne samo starši. Razprava in zaključek: Zelo je pomembno, da se otrok v bolnišnici počuti dobro, kljub temu, da je bolan. Zdravstveni delavci moramo otroku in njegovi družini zagotoviti čim bolj prijetno okolje, jim nuditi informacije in se pogovarjati tudi z otrokom. Igra otrokom pomeni ogromno, saj se na ta način zamotijo, se počutijo, kot da bi bili doma, ter pozabijo na morebitne bolečine in bolezen. Otrok v bolnišnici ob sebi nima prijateljev in ostalih sorodnikov, zato je pomembno, da mu zagotovimo stik z njimi. Enako velja za starše. Hospitalizacija je stresen dogodek v življenju otroka in njegovih staršev oziroma skrbnikov, zato je najbolj pomembno, da jim zdravstveni delavci zagotovimo čim bolj kakovostno in celovito zdravstveno nego ter čim bolj prijetno bolnišnično okolje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, starši, čustva, zdravstveni delavci, igra, bolezen
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [G. Ribič]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 22 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-132215
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 81071363
• Publication date in RUL: 17.10.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Children in a hospital environment without the presence of their parents : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Hospitalisation of children can be a stressful experience for the child as for his or her family. Not always can parents be present at the hospitalisation, which can result in an even more negative experience. The effects of such events are various. The presence of parents or guardians contributes to the healing process and the child’s recovery. If the parents are not present, healthcare workers take on the role to better the child’s well-being. Children and their parents can experience stress even if the latter are present at the hospitalisation. This is where healthcare workers also carry a significant role. Purpose: The purpose of the dissertation is to find out how the hospital environment influences a child if they are staying there without their parents and to observe the parents' well-being. To evaluate – there are different ways how healthcare workers can contribute to effective health care and the child's well-being. Methods: The dissertation consists of examined selected literature estimated in the years of 2000 to 2021 from the field of pediatric health care. We examined technical and scientific literature related to the field in the Slovene and English language. The method used was descriptive, meaning we observed the actual condition. Result: Overall, hospitalisation is a stressful experience for children. Numerous research studies showed that, regardless of their age and self-control, children can be afraid and worry about their condition and hospitalisation. Hospitalisation is stressful for the parents as well; they experience fright, worry about what is going to happen next, and try to find information. It was discovered that during hospitalisation healthcare workers carry a very important role, not only parents. Discussion and conclusion: The child’s well-being during their time in the hospital is of much importance, regardless of their illness. It is the healthcare worker’s duty to provide the most pleasant environment possible as well as information and make sure to keep on having conversation with the child. To a child, play means a great deal, because it is a way of distraction, feeling more like at home, and they forget about the possible pain and illness for the time being. At the hospital, the child lacks friends and relatives, that is why it is important to keep in touch with him or her. The same goes for the parents. Hospitalisation is a stressful experience in a child’s life and their parents or guardians, which is why it is vital for the healthcare workers to ensure quality as well as complete health care and as pleasant hospital environment as possible.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, parents, emotions, medical staff, play, illness