Upravljanje migracij in državni rasizem

Žagar, Jošt (author), Dolar Bahovec, Eva (mentor)

Ukrepi, ki so jih sprejele evropske države na področju omejevanja migracij po letu 2015, predstavljajo uveljavljanje suverene oblasti v obliki sistematičnega kršenja temeljnih pravic izključene populacije. To se izvaja prek arbitrarnih pridržanj, gradnje taborišč in policijskega nasilja. V nalogi je oblikovanje prostorov suverene oblasti preiskovano prek pojavljanja rasizma znotraj sodobnih političnih skupnosti. Rasizem je razumljen kot udejanje absolutne razlike v populacijo, ki odloča med vrednim in nevrednim življenjem. Udejanje te razlike je raziskovano skozi tri perspektive. Politična dimenzija je obravnavana v odnosu nacionalizma in rasizma, ki kot dejanje zamejitve skupnosti predstavlja pogoj oblikovanja ideje izvorne narodne skupnosti, ki definira nacionalistične ideologije. Druga perspektiva je ekonomska, ki obravnava rasizem kot mehanizem delitve dela. Rasizem kot mehanizem uveljavitve ločnice legitimira omejitev dostopa do pravic delu populacije. Suvereno upravljanje države in šibkejši položaj delavcev migrantov v razmerju do kapitala vzpostavljata pogoje hipereksploatacije, ki znotraj kapitalistične produkcije omogoča povečano stopnjo akumulacije kapitala v okoliščinah, ko je upor delavcev močno otežen. Tretja perspektiva pa rasizem raziskuje skozi problem imperializma in eksternalizacije mejnih režimov. Omejitev migracij se namreč izvaja na globalni ravni in iz celotnih regij ustvarja nekropolitične mejne krajine. V takšnih razmerah se zdi smrt nesrečno naključje, vendar konkretni mehanizmi imperialnega uveljavljanja političnih ciljev omejevanja migracij ustvarjajo pogoje, ki množici ljudi namenja smrt. Državna meja, ki se kot meja politične skupnosti uveljavlja čez celotno družbo, tako predstavlja polje uveljavljanja suverene oblasti, vendar hkrati tudi možnost protimoči in politične subjektivacije, ki ni utemeljena na državljanski izključitvi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: politična filozofija, nacionalizem, rasizem, migracije, nekropolitika
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-132033
• COBISS.SI-ID: 90136067
• Publication date in RUL: 09.10.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Migration Management and State Racism

Abstract

The measures taken by European countries regarding migration managment after 2015 represent the exercise of sovereign power in the form of a systematic violation of the fundamental rights of the excluded population. This power is carried out through arbitrary detention, construction of camps and police violence. In the thesis, the creation of spaces of sovereign power is investigated through the assertion of racism within modern political communities. Racism is understood as the enforcement of an absolute difference in the population by distinguish between worthy and unworthy life. The realization of this difference is explored through three perspectives. The political dimension is investigated in the relationship between nationalism and racism, in which the latter represents the act of community delimitation and is thus the condition for the formation of the idea of original national kinship, which defines nationalist ideologies. The second perspective is economic and understands racism as a mechanism of division of labor. Racism as a mechanism for enforcing the divide in the population legitimizes the restriction of access to rights for a certain part of this population. The sovereign governance of the state and the weaker position of migrant workers in relation to capital establish conditions of hyperexploitation, which within capitalist production allows for an increased rate of capital accumulation in circumstances where workers' resistance is severely aggravated. The third perspective explores racism through the problem of imperialism and the externalization of border regimes. The restriction of migration is carried out on a global level and creates necropolitical border landscapes from entire regions. In such a situation, death seems an unfortunate coincidence, but is it in fact the result concrete mechanisms of the imperial assertion of the political goals of restricting migration. The state border as the border of a political community is enforced throughout the whole of society and thus represents a field of exercising sovereign power, but at the same time it act as a space for creation of counter-power and political subjectivities, which is not based on exclusion constituted by national citizenship.

• Keywords: political philosophy, nationalism, racism, migration, necropolitics