In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of the Magnéli phase titanium suboxides (Ti$_x$O$_{2x-1}$) on A549 human lung cells

Kononenko, Veno (avtor), Drobne, Damjana (avtor)

The use of titanium suboxides, known as Magnéli phase TiO$_x$, is expected to increase in the near future due to their desirable properties. In order to use Magnéli phase TiO$_x$ nanoparticles safely, it is necessary to know how nanoparticles interact with biological systems. In this study, the cytotoxicity of three different Magnéli TiO$_x$ nanoparticles was evaluated using human lung A549 cells and the results were compared with hazard data on two different TiO$_2$ nanoparticles whose biological interactions have already been extensively studied. After A549 cells were exposed to nanoparticles, the metabolic activity was measured by the Resazurin assay, the amount of cellular proteins was measured by the Coomassie Blue assay, and lysosomal integrity was measured by the Neutral Red Uptake assay. In order to investigate possible modes of particle actions, intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and photo-oxidative disruptions of lysosomal membranes were assessed. All experiments were performed in serum-containing and in serum-deprived cell culture mediums. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of Magnéli TiO$_x$ and TiO$_2$ nanoparticles was measured. The results show that Magnéli TiO$_x$ nanoparticles increase intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ but not ROS levels. In contrast, TiO$_2$ nanoparticles increase ROS levels, resulting in a higher cytotoxicity. Although Magnéli TiO$_x$ nanoparticles showed a lower UV-A photocatalytic activity, the photo-stability of the lysosomal membranes was decreased by a greater extent, possibly due to particle accumulation inside lysosomes. We provide evidence that Magnéli TiO$_x$ nanoparticles have lower overall biological activity when compared with the two TiO$_2$ formulations. However, some unique cellular interactions were detected and should be further studied in line with possible Magnéli TiO$_x$ application. We conclude that Magnéli phase nanoparticles could be considered as low toxic material same as other forms of titanium oxide particles.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: A549 cells, nanoparticles, cytotoxicity, nanotoxicity, ROS, calcium ions, lysosomes
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2019
• Št. strani: 15 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 20, iss. 1, art. 196
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-131967
• UDK: 620.3
• ISSN pri članku: 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010196
• COBISS.SI-ID: 4954959
• Datum objave v RUL: 07.10.2021

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: International journal of molecular sciences
• Skrajšan naslov: Int. j. mol. sci.
• Založnik: MDPI
• ISSN: 1422-0067
• COBISS.SI-ID: 2779162

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.
• Začetek licenciranja: 08.01.2019

Projekti

• Financer: ARRS - Agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: J1-9162
• Naslov: Neurotoksičnost ali neuroprotektivnost nanomaterialov: vpliv biokorone