Cepljenje proti gripi v času nosečnosti : diplomsko delo

Ribič, Patricija (author), Zore, Anamarija (mentor), Mivšek, Ana Polona (reviewer)

Uvod: Gripa je nalezljiva virusna bolezen, ki se pojavlja vsako leto. Okužba z njo predstavlja enega od pomembnih vzrokov obolevnosti in umrljivosti med nosečnicami po vsem svetu. V Zadnjih letih se nosečnicam zato priporoča cepljenje proti gripi z mrtvim cepivom. Cepivo poleg nosečnic pred okužbo ščiti tudi novorojenčke, še nekaj mesecev po rojstvu. Namen: Želeli smo ugotoviti ali je cepljenje proti gripi v času nosečnosti varno za mater in plod ter kakšna je precepljenost nosečnic v Sloveniji in Evropi. Z anketnim vprašalnikom smo želeli še ugotoviti razloge zakaj se nosečnice pri nas ne odločajo za cepljenje proti gripi. Metode dela: V prvem delu diplomskega dela je uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela, s katero smo predstavili teoretičen okvir diplomske naloge. V drugem delu je zaradi boljše preglednosti podatkov uporabljena metaanaliza. Glede izbrane teme je bila pregledana domača in tuja strokovna ter znanstvena literatura. Za pomoč pri iskanju je bil uporabljen svetovni splet in različne podatkovne baze. Kvantitativna metoda raziskovanja je bila uporabljena za zbiranje podatkov s pomočjo spletne ankete med slovenskimi ženskami. Rezultati: Analiza znanstvenih študij je pokazala dobrobiti cepljenja proti gripi v času nosečnosti tako za mater kot za plod. V anketi je sodelovalo 300 žensk, od tega jih največ spadalo v starostno skupino 26–30 let in največ jih je imelo dokončano visokošolsko izobrazbo. Od vseh anketirank se jih 88 % ni cepilo proti gripi v času nosečnosti. Najpogostejši razlog je pomanjkanje informacij o cepivu. Razprava in zaključek: Avtorji analiziranih študij prihajajo do zaključkov, da je cepivo varno tako za mater kot za plod. Kar se tiče precepljenosti nosečnic v Sloveniji in ostalih evropskih državah, smo prišli do zaključka, da ta ostaja nizka. Na drugi strani strokovnjaki in pomembne zdravstvene organizacije priporočajo, da ženske, ki so ali bodo noseče prejemejo inaktivirano cepivo proti gripi takoj, ko je to na voljo. Iz trditev različnih avtorjev lahko razberemo, da okužba z gripo predstavlja večje tveganje za zdravje tako pri materi, kot pri novorojenčku kot cepljenje. Opazili smo, da veliko vlogo pri sprejemanju cepljenja predstavljajo prav zdravstveni delavci. Nosečnice največ informacij o tem pridobijo prav pri njih. Za učinkovitejše svetovanje nosečnicam, pa je potrebno poskrbeti za ustrezno izobraževanje zdravstvenih delavcev na področju cepljenja proti gripi v nosečnosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, babištvo, nosečnice, plod, priporočljivost, varnost, precepljenost, Evropa
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [P. Ribič]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 39 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-131755
• UDC: 618.2/.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 78936835
• Publication date in RUL: 03.10.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Influenza vaccination during pregnancy : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The influenza is an infectious viral disease, occurring annually. An infection that comes with it represents one of the biggest causes of illness and mortality in pregnant women. Therefore, in recent years, pregnant women have been recommended to be vaccinated against the influenza with an inactivated vaccine. The vaccine protects not only the mother but also the newborn a few months after birth. Purpose: We wanted to determine if the influenza vaccine is safe for pregnant women and fetuses during pregnancy and the vaccination rate for pregnant women in Slovenia and Europe. With the questionnaire, we wished to establish the reasons for non-vaccination against influenza in gestating women. Methods: In the first part of the dissertation, we used a descriptive method which helped us present the theoretical outline of the dissertation. In the second part, for purposes of better clarity, we used a meta-analysis. We researched local and foreign professional and scientific literature about the chosen theme. The internet and different databases were also helpful. The quantitative method of research was used for collecting data through website surveys among Slovene women. Results: Analysis of scientific studies showed a benefit of influenza vaccination for pregnant women and a fetus. 300 women participated in the survey, most of them were in the 26 - 30 age group, and most of them had a university degree. Out of all of the interviewees, 88% of them have not received an influenza vaccine. The most common reason for this is the lack of information about a vaccine. Discussion and conclusion: The authors of the analyzed studies conclude that the vaccine is safe for pregnant women and fetuses. Regarding vaccination rates for pregnant women in Slovenia and other European countries, we concluded that it remains low. On the other hand, experts and major health organizations recommend that women who are or will be pregnant get an inactivated influenza vaccine as soon as it is available. From different authors' statements, we can discern that influenza infection is a higher risk for the health of pregnant women and infants than the vaccine. We observed that healthcare workers represent a big part of accepting the vaccination. Pregnant women get the most information about vaccination just from them. For more effective counseling for expecting mothers, proper education of healthcare workers about the influenza vaccination for pregnant women has to be provided.

• Keywords: diploma theses, midwifery, pregnant women, fetus, recommendation, safety, vaccination rate, Europe