In this present thesis, I will deal with some of the main theories of metaphor within the context of history of lingustics and philosophy. First I will present some classical definitions of metaphor as a figure of speech. I will also question the proposition that classical theory
stems from Aristotle's thought. In the central third chapter I will present Aristotle's four types of metaphor. On the basis of these four types, I will point out three main aspects of metaphor theories: substitution, comparison and interaction. In the fourth chapter, I will try to illustrate these, as well as establish a differential axis upon the basis of which we will later be able to articulate the main differences between cognitive and pragmatic theories. In the fifth and last chapter, I will deal with these. I will first present conceptual metaphor theory and mention some of its critiques. These critiques will carry us into a space of possible resolve, where I will present some other theories: primary metaphor theory, conceptual blending theory and relevance theory. Among other things, I will also question the supposed incompatibility of these theories.
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