Razvijanje medkulturne zavesti preko spoznavanja britanske, ameriške in indijske kulture v petem razredu osnovne šole

Draksler, Martin (avtor), Dagarin Fojkar, Mateja (mentor)

Svet, v katerem živimo, je v dobi velikega razvoja in napredka. Ti napredki so nam predvsem v tehnologiji omogočili polje neskončnih zmožnosti za komunikacijo. Prav tu pa smo v veliki meri izpostavljeni tujim jezikom in kulturam, s čimer se pojavi potreba po usposabljanju prebivalstva za komunikacijo v tujih jezikih. Na tem področju je Slovenija leta 2016 naredila velik korak v osnovnih šolah, saj je uvedla obvezno učenje tujega jezika od 2. razreda naprej. S tem smo učencem omogočili, da so od 7. leta starosti neposredno izpostavljeni učenju tujega jezika že v kritičnem obdobju za učenje jezikov. Eden od ciljev učenja tujih jezikov je razvijanje medkulturnih kompetenc. Učenci so namreč izpostavljeni tujemu jeziku, ki se je razvil v tuji kulturi, zato je del spoznavanja tega jezika tudi spoznavanje kulture, ki je ta jezik ustvarila. Pri tem si lahko učenci pogosto ustvarijo napačne predstave o določenih kulturah, ker jih ne razumejo. Ne izhajajo iz okolja, ki je jezik ustvaril, zato je pomembno, da jim podamo resnične in natančne informacije o teh kulturah ter jih s tem primerno izobrazimo v posameznike, ki bodo sposobni ustrezne komunikacije tudi na mednarodni ravni. V akcijski raziskavi magistrskega dela sem ugotavljal, ali se med učenci pojavljajo stereotipne/napačne predstave o kulturah, ki so pomembno soustvarjale angleški jezik ter pripadajočo kulturo. Prav tako sem učencem poskušal približati izbrane kulture in skozi izvajanje pouka, obogatenega z medkulturnimi vsebinami, stremel k odpravljanju morebitnih stereotipnih in napačnih predstav. Omenjeno raziskavo sem izvedel v dveh petih razredih osnovne šole, potekala je 14 učnih ur (dve opazovalni uri in pet ur poučevanja v vsakem razredu) v letu 2021. Na začetku raziskave sem preveril trenutno stanje v razredu, raven medkulturne kompetence učencev in ali imajo učenci morda kakšne napačne/stereotipne predstave o britanski, ameriški in indijski kulturi. Nato sem osnoval načrt izpeljave akcijske raziskave, temelječe na medkulturni kompetenci s poudarkom na enakosti in sprejemanju vseh kultur. Raziskavo sem po potrebi dopolnjeval in ves čas stremel k izpolnjevanju zastavljenih raziskovalnih ciljev. Raziskava bo pripomogla naslednjim generacijam učiteljev, ki bodo na svoje poučevanje lahko prenesli sklepe raziskovanja. Pričakujem namreč, da sem uspešno odpravil obstoječe stereotipne predstave ter skozi pouk, obogaten z medkulturno kompetenco, učencem približal izbrane kulture.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: ameriška kultura
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-131498
• COBISS.SI-ID: 78234371
• Datum objave v RUL: 13.10.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Developing intercultural awareness through learning about of British, American and Indian culture in the fifth grade of elementary school

Izvleček

We live in a world, which is in a period of great progress and growth. The current developments, especially in the field of technology, have enabled us with limitless capabilities for communication. We are largely exposed to foreign languages and cultures, so the need to facilitate communication in foreign languages appears. As regards this, Slovenia made a step in the right direction in 2016, when it introduced mandatory foreign language learning from the second grade onwards. By doing this we have ensured that our pupils are exposed to foreign language learning in the critical period for language learning. One of the aims of foreign language learning is also the development of intercultural competence. The pupils are in fact exposed to a foreign language, which was developed by a foreign culture, so therefore a part of learning foreign languages is also learning about the culture, which has created and developed this language. In the process of learning, pupils can create false assumptions and misconceptions about a certain culture because they do not understand this culture. Pupils do not originate from the same environment that created this language, so it is important that we present them correct and accurate information about these cultures and by that, we educate them into individuals, who are capable of correct communication on an international scale. In my action research of this master’s paper, I will try to explore if there are any misconceptions or stereotypes that are present in the classroom about cultures, which have played a significant role in developing the English language. Also, I will try to bring pupils closer to chosen cultures and through my lessons, enriched with intercultural contents, strive towards dismissing potential stereotypes and misconceptions. The proposed research has been done in two different fifth grades in elementary school, including 14 lessons (two observation lessons and five teaching lessons in each class) in 2021. At the beginning of the research, I will firstly assess the status in each class, the level of pupil’s intercultural competence and if the pupils have any stereotypes or misconceptions about British, American or Indian culture. Then I will establish an execution plan for my action research, which will be based on the use of intercultural competence with an emphasis on the equality and acceptance of all cultures. The research was supplemented as necessary and throughout my teaching I strived towards fulfilling the established research goals. This research will aid the next generations of teachers, who will have an opportunity to enrich their teaching with the conclusions, which I reached through this research process. I expect to have successfully eliminated the current stereotypes and through my teaching, enriched with intercultural competence, bring pupils closer to selected cultures.

• Ključne besede: American culture