Znanje laikov o uporabi Esmarchove preveze : diplomsko delo

Dragan, Diana (author), Slabe, Damjan (mentor), Dolenc, Eva (comentor), Sotler, Robert (reviewer)

Uvod: Huda krvavitev je življenjsko ogrožajoče stanje. Življenjsko ogrožajoče krvavitve iz arterij imajo šestkrat večjo izgubo krvi v primerjavi z vensko, vse krvavitve pa je potrebno v okviru prve pomoči nemudoma zaustaviti. Aktualne smernice prve pomoči priporočajo tri načine zaustavitve krvavitve, in sicer z neposrednim pritiskom na rano, kompresijsko obvezo ter prevezo. Poznamo tudi pritisk na področno arterijo, ki pa se več ne priporoča. Pojem Esmarchova preveza je naveden kot instrument, s katerim zmanjšamo ali popolnoma prekinemo hudo vensko ali arterijsko krvavitev na okončinah. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, kakšno je poznavanje uporabe Esmarchove preveze v prvi pomoči med laično populacijo. Naši cilji so ugotoviti, ali laiki vedo, kdaj uporabljamo Esmarchovo prevezo, kako in s čim jo naredimo in kako deluje. Metode dela: Uporabili smo kvantitativno metodo dela. Tematiko smo podprli s strokovno in znanstveno literaturo s področja uporabe Esmarchove preveze v prvi pomoči. Zbiranje podatkov je potekalo s pomočjo anonimnega spletnega anketnega vprašalnika, ki je bil oblikovan s programskim orodjem 1-ka. Pridobljene rezultate smo analizirali z Microsoft Excel Office Home 2019. Rezultati: Na anketni vprašalnik je odgovorilo 190 oseb, največ v starostni skupini od 18 do 30 let. V 81 % so anketiranci vedeli, da arterijska krvavitev zahteva takojšnje ukrepanje. Na krvaveče mesto bi s prsti preko čiste tkanine pritisnilo 46 % anketiranih. Anketiranci bi Esmarchovo prevezo uporabili v primeru, da s kompresijsko obvezo hude krvavitve ne zaustavimo (67 %). 92 % oseb se z namestitvijo preveze na vratu ni strinjalo, preostali so se strinjali ali niso bili prepričani (8 %). Več kot polovica (56 %) bi v primeru ugriza kače namestila Esmarchovo prevezo. 97 % jih meni, da z namestitvijo preveze lahko rešimo življenje. Za improvizacijo preveze bi največkrat uporabili trikotno ruto (84 %) ali kos oblačila (82 %). Tečaja, kjer bi se naučili ustaviti krvavitev in namestiti Esmarchovo prevezo, bi se udeležilo 79 % anketiranih. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo, da je znanje laikov o krvavitvah in uporabi Esmarchove preveze pomanjkljivo. Da bi ga nadgradili, bi to področje uvedli v učne programe osnovnih in srednjih šol ter pripravili tečaje, kjer bi teoretično znanje prenesli v prakso.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, ortotika in protetika, krvavitev, prva pomoč, življenjsko ogrožajoča stanja, Esmarchova preveza
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [D. Dragan]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 34 str., [7] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-131031
• UDC: 617.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 77352451
• Publication date in RUL: 22.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Knowledge of layman about use of Esmarch bandage : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Severe bleeding is a life-threatening condition. Life-threatening bleeding from the arteries has six times the loss of blood compared to venous bleeding, and all bleeding must be stopped immediately as part of first aid. Current first aid guidelines recommend three ways to stop bleeding, namely by direct pressure on the wound, a compression bandage, and a tourniquet. We also know the pressure on the regional artery, which is no longer recommended. The term Esmarch bandage is referred to as an instrument to reduce or completely stop severe venous or arterial bleeding in the extremities. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to determine the knowledge of the use of Esmarch's bandage in first aid among the lay population. Our goals are to find out if lay people know when to use Esmarch’s bandage, how and with what we do it, and how it works. Methods of work: We used a quantitative method of work. We supported the topic with professional and scientific literature in the field of the use of Esmarch's bandage in first aid. Data collection was carried out with the help of an anonymous survey questionnaire, which was designed with the software tool 1-ka online. The obtained results were analyzed with Microsoft Excel Office Home2019. Results: 190 people responded to the questionnaire, mostly in the age group of 18 to 30 years. In 81 % of respondents, they knew that arterial bleeding required immediate action. 46 % of respondents would press their fingers to the bleeding site over a clean cloth. Respondents would use the Esmarch bandage if the compression bandage did not stop severe bleeding (67 %). 92 % of people did not agree with the placement of the neck bandage, the rest agreed or were not sure (8 %). More than half (56 %) would install an Esmarch bandage in the event of a snake bite. 97 % of them believe that installing a bandage can save lives. A triangular scarf (84 %) or a piece of clothing (82 %) would most often be used to improvise a bandage. A course where they would learn to stop the bleeding and install an Esmarch bandage would be attended by 79 % of respondents. Discussion and Conclusion: We have found that laymen’s knowledge of bleeding and the use of the Esmarch bandage is deficient. In order to upgrade it, this area would be introduced into the curricula of primary and secondary schools and courses would be prepared where theoretical knowledge would be transferred into practice.

• Keywords: diploma theses, aorthotics and prosthetics, bleeding, first aid, tourniquet, major injuries, tourniquet