Esca is a disease complex because one of its features is the fact that it is comprised of multiple diseases. It begins with three fungal species Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in Fomitiporia mediterranea. Disease complex is comprised of the following diseases: brown streaking disease, Petri disease, white rot, young esca and esca proper. Countermeasures against esca are divided into preventive and curative processes. Preventive ones being time of pruning and pruning technique, wound protection, chemotherapy and thermotherapy. Curative measures are mostly techniques where the diseased wood is removed in some way. Lately there has been a rise in the use of mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma spp. as a standalone process or in combination with any of the aforementioned ones. In the assignment, esca has been presented as a disease complex, study of its research, defining the pathogens that cause esca and its symptoms, define and evaluate countermeasures against it.
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