AB The discovery of DPSCs and advances in molecular and cell biology have enabled applicative use of these cells in the fields of basic stem cell research and regenerative medicine. DPSCs have a great differentiation potential and the ability to regenerate the dentin / pulp complex. Numerous studies have shown that DPSCs are able to differentiate into odontoblasts as well as neurocytes, adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, cardiomyocytes, epithelial cells, pancreatic β-cells, and hepatocyte-like cells under the influence of growth and transcription factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and receptor molecules. They are also capable of forming new blood vessels from existing ones, in the process of angiogenesis. The properties of DPSCs are comparable to those of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro as well as in vivo. In addition, DPSCs show better ability to proliferate compared to many other types of MSCs. The thesis reviews methods of obtaining and storing these cells, the most promising options for the use of DPSCs in modern dentistry, which could replace aggressive procedures such as endodontic treatment and the use of plastic implants, and the possibility of using it to treat periodontal disease and bone defects. The possibilities of using DPSCs in other fields of medicine are also presented. Depending on their differentiation potential, they could also be used to treat diseases such as type 1 diabetes, neurological diseases, bone, liver, eye, and vascular diseases.
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