Šestminutni test hoje pri bolnikih s pljučnim rakom : magistrsko delo

Smodiš, Nastja (author), But Hadžić, Jasna (mentor), Pori, Primož (co-mentor)

Pljučni rak spada med tumorje torakalnih organov in velja za najpogostejšega med vsemi raki na svetu. Najpogostejši vzrok za nastanek pljučnega raka je kajenje, ki lahko poveča nevarnost nastanka za 8- do 30-krat. V Sloveniji je rak pljuč po pogostosti med vsemi raki pri moških na tretjem in pri ženskah na četrtem mestu. Zmanjšanje smrtnosti je odvisno od preventive, zgodnje diagnostike in zdravljenja, vendar pa dandanes ni več pomembno le to, ali bo bolnik preživel, temveč tudi to, kako bo živel po končanem zdravljenju. Predhodne raziskave kažejo, da je boljša telesna pripravljenost povezana z zmanjšanim tveganjem prezgodnje umrljivosti. Šestminutni test hoje (6MTH) je najbolj uporabljen ne-laboratorijski test za merjenje kardiorespiratorne zmogljivosti pri osebah s pljučnim rakom in drugimi pljučnimi boleznimi. Največkrat se uporablja za pred- in pooperativno oceno telesne zmogljivosti bolnika. Je varen, preprost test, ki se izvaja na trideset metrskem hodniku. Naloga merjenca je, da v 6 minutah prehodi čim daljšo razdaljo. Namen magistrskega dela je bil izračunati normativno vrednost 6MTH pri bolnikih s pljučnim rakom in preveriti ali je možno z vadbenimi intervencijami izboljšati doseženo razdaljo in telesno zmogljivost. V pregled so bile vključene randomizirane klinične raziskave, napisane v angleškem jeziku in narejene na odraslih osebah (moških in ženskah), starejših od 18 let. Udeleženci so bili razdeljeni v dve skupini. Kontrolna skupina je bila deležna običajne bolnišnične oskrbe, udeleženci v intervencijskih skupinah pa so izvajali vse od aerobne vadbe, do vadbe za inspiratorne mišice, vadbe za moč in vibracijske vadbe. V sistematičnem pregledu smo ugotovili, da je bila med udeleženci kontrolne skupine povprečna razdalja šestminutnega testa hoje 437 metrov in v kar polovici raziskav je bila vrednost testa na koncu nižja, kot pri začetnih meritvah. Pri intervencijskih skupinah je pri osmih od desetih raziskav prišlo do izboljšanja rezultata. Prav tako je bila v teh raziskavah intervencija izključno vadbene narave. Začetna vrednost prehojene razdalje 6MTH je znašala 463 metrov, končna vrednost pa 498 metrov, kar pomeni, da so udeleženci po intervenciji prehodili v povprečju 35 metrov več. Iz tega lahko sklepamo, da lahko vadbene intervencije pri bolnikih s pljučnim rakom ohranijo in minimalno izboljšajo telesno zmogljivost, kar pri posameznikih s pljučno patologijo predstavlja klinično pomembno izboljšanje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pljučni rak, telesna zmogljivost, 6-minutni test hoje, vadbena intervencija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130409
• COBISS.SI-ID: 81671683
• Publication date in RUL: 15.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Six-Minute Walk Test in Lung Cancer Patients

Abstract

Lung cancer is a tumour of the thoracic organs and is considered the most common type of cancer in the world. The most common cause of lung cancer is smoking, which can increase the risk of cancer by 8 to 30 times. In Slovenia, lung cancer is the third most common cancer among men and fourth among women. The reduction in mortality rates depends on prevention, early diagnostics, and medical treatment. However, nowadays, it is not only important whether the patient will survive, but also, how they will live after the treatment. Previous research suggests that a better physical fitness is associated with a reduced risk of premature mortality. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is the most used non-laboratory test to measure cardio-respiratory capacity in individuals with lung cancer and other lung diseases. It is most often used for pre- and post-operative assessment of patient’s physical fitness. It is a safe and simple test that is performed in a thirty-meter corridor. The task for the participant is to walk the longest distance possible in six minutes. The purpose of the master’s thesis was to calculate the normative value of the 6MWT for patients with lung cancer and to examine how different interventions affect the distance walked and whether we can improve these values with interventions. The systematic review of the literature included randomised control trials with adults (men and women) over 18 years of age that were written in English. Participants in the studies were divided into two or three groups. The control group received the usual hospital care, while the participants in the intervention groups received everything from aerobic exercise to inspiratory muscle training, strength training and vibration training. In the systematic review, we found that the pooled mean for the control group participants in the 6MWT was 437 meters. Moreover, as many as half of the studies the test value was lower at the end than it was at the beginning. For the intervention groups, the result improved in eight out of ten studies. Additionally, in these studies, the intervention was purely exercise-based. The start value of the distanced walked in 6MWT was 463 meters, while the final value was 498 meters. This means that the participants walked 35 meters more on average after the intervention. We can conclude that exercise-based interventions with lung cancer patients can maintain and slightly improve physical fitness, which represents significant clinical improvement for patients with lung pathology.

• Keywords: lung cancer, functional capacity, 6-minute walk test, exercise intervention