Vpliv invazivnih rastlinskih vrst na upad biotske pestrosti

Šavli, Klara (author), Eler, Klemen (mentor)

Z naselitvami invazivnih tujerodnih vrst v nova okolja se dogajajo težko popravljive spremembe v ekosistemih in naravnih habitatih. Biodiverzitetna kriza je izrazit upad biotske pestrosti, ki je posledica različnih in hkratnih človekovih vplivov. Invazivne tujerodne rastlinske vrste so tiste, ki prav tako povzročajo spremembe v okolju in lahko negativno vplivajo na ekosisteme, avtohtone združbe, zdravje ljudi in gospodarstvo. Invazivne rastlinske vrste so v globalnem merilu eden izmed glavnih vzrokov upadanja biotske pestrosti in izumiranja vrst. V nalogi sem se osredotočila na to, kakšni tekmovalci so z avtohtonimi rastlinami ter zakaj imajo prednost v širjenju in uspevanju v novih okoljih. Invazivne tujerodne rastline so uspešne zaradi svojih ekološko-bioloških značilnosti, kot so hitra rast in produkcija velikega števila semen, poznejše cvetenje in mnogo drugih. V novem okolju invazivne tujerodne rastline tekmujejo z avtohtonimi za življenjski prostor, vodo, hranila in druge življenjsko pomembne vire. S svojimi mehanizmi delovanja škodijo biotski pestrosti preko kompeticijskih razmerij in spreminjanjem habitatov različnim vrstam v združbi, alelopatije, križanja z avtohtonimi vrstami in povzročanjem genskega onesnaženja ter uspešnim izkoriščanjem virov in učinkovitim prilagajanjem na spremembe v okolju. Pregledane objave dokazujejo, da so invazivne rastline ena izmed groženj biotski pestrosti, zato je pomembno razumevanje njihovega širjenja in učinkovanja v združbi, predvsem pa ukrepanje na ravni preprečevanja vnosov v novo okolje ter zatiranja v primeru razširitve.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: biotska pestrost, biodiverziteta, biodiverzitetna kriza, invazivne tujerodne rastlinske vrste, ekološke in biološke lastnosti invazivnih rastlin, mehanizmi delovanja invazivnih rastlin, alelopatija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [K. Šavli]
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130250
• UDC: 574.1:581.524.2:581.524.13(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 76071683
• Publication date in RUL: 12.09.2021

ŠAVLI, Klara, 2021, Vpliv invazivnih rastlinskih vrst na upad biotske pestrosti [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : K. Šavli. [Accessed 11 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=130250

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effects of invasive plant species on biodiversity loss

Abstract

With the settlement of invasive alien species in new environments, irreversible changes in ecosystems and natural habitats are happening. The biodiversity crisis is a great decline in biodiversity, which is the result of human and other influences. Invasive alien plant species are those who cause changes in the environment and can negatively affect ecosystems, native communities, human health and the economy. Invasive plant species are one of the main causes of the decline in biodiversity and species extinction on a global scale. In this assignment I focused on what kind od competitors they are with native plants and why they have an advantage in spreading and thriving in new environments. Invasive plants are successful due to their ecological and biological characteristics, such as rapid growth and production of large number of seeds, later flowering and many others. In new environments invasive alien plant species compete with native ones for habitat, water, food and other vital resources. With their mechanisms of action, they harm biodiversity through competitive relationships and species habitat changes, allelopathy, crossbreeding with native species and good resource utilization and effective adaptation to environmental changes. Rewieved literature suggests that invasive plants are certainly a threat to biodiversity, so understanding their spreading and functioning in communities is important, as well as how to take action in preventing the event of introduction into a new enviornment and suppressing spreading in the event of enlargement.

• Keywords: biodiversity, biodiversity crisis, invasive alien plant species, ecological and biological traits of invasive plants, mechanisms of invasive plants, alelopathy