Pregled protokolov pri slikanju ploda z magnetno resonanco : diplomsko delo

Bizjak, Rok (author), Konstadinova, Sanja (author), Podobnik, Janez (mentor), Robida, Tina (co-mentor)

Uvod: Magnetno resonančno slikanje ploda je neinvazivna preiskava, ki se uporablja v prenatalni diagnostiki. Uporablja se kot metoda izbora za ugotavljanje nepravilnosti v razvoju ploda ter patologij centralnega živčnega sistema. Osnova za MR slikanje ploda so predvsem ultra hitra pulzna zaporedja, ki vplivajo na čas preiskave in nastanek popačenj zaradi gibanja ploda. Poleg teh, standardni protokol vsebuje še hitra gradienta pulzna zaporedja ter difuzijsko slikanje. Uporaba naprednih pulznih zaporedij ni tako pogosta. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi sistematičnega pregleda literature ugotoviti razlike med protokoli v literaturi in protokolom, ki se uporablja v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru v Ljubljani. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s sistematičnim pregledom literature. V analizo smo vključili 19 člankov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim in izključitvenim kriterijem. Literaturo smo zbirali od 20.10.2020 do 20.04.2021. Podatke smo iskali po tujih in domačih podatkovnih bazah. Rezultati: V rezultatih smo predstavili razlike med protokoli v literaturi ter protokolom, ki se uporablja v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru v Ljubljani. Podatke smo predstavili v dveh ločenih tabelah. Prva tabela je zajemala podatke v vrsti študije, avtorju in letnici, patologiji, namenu preiskave, protokolu, ki je bil uporabljen in ključne ugotovitve. Druga tabela pa je vsebovala protokole z vsemi podanimi parametri. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo, da je večina protokolov primerljivih oziroma poolnoma enakih kot protokol, ki ga uporabljajo v UKC Ljubljana. Ostali protokoli so se razlikovali v tem, da so vsebovali dodatna gradientna pulzna zaporedja ali napredna pulzna zaporedja. Imena pulznih zaporedij se razlikujejo glede na proizvajalce MR tomografov. Ugotovili smo, da obstaja precejšnja razlika v vrednostih parametrov uporabljenih pri posameznih pulznih zaporedjih. To smo pripisali različnih proizvajalcem MR tomografov in optimizaciji protokolov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, radiološka tehnologija, prenatalno obdobje, nosečnost, plod, protokol slikanja, osrednje živčevje, pulzno zaporedje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [R. Bizjak, S. Kostadinova]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 37 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130206
• UDC: 616-07
• COBISS.SI-ID: 76118531
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Overview of fetal magnetic resonance imaging protocols : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetus is a non-invasive procedure used in prenatal diagnostics. It is used as a method of choice to identify abnormalities in fetal development and pathologies of the central nervous system. The basis for fetal magnetic resonance imaging are mainly ultra fast sequences, which affect the time of examination and the formation of artifacts due to fetal movement. In addition to these, the protocol includes fast Gradient Echo sequences and diffusion weighted imaging.the use of advanced pulse sequences is not so common. Purpose: The purpose of our diploma work is to determine the differences between protocols in the literature and the protocol used at University Medical Center Ljubljana, based on a systematic literature review. Methods: We used the descriptive method in combination with a systematic literature review. In the analysis were included 19 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All of the data was collected from 20.10.2020 to 20.4.2021. We searched for data in both slovenian and foreign databases. Results: In the results we presented the differences between different protocols in the literature and the protocol used at the University Medical Center Ljubljana. For better overview the data was presented in two separate tables. The first table included data about the type of the study, authors and years of publication for each article, pathology, purpose of the procedures, used protocols and key findings. The second table contained protocols with all of the parameters for each sequence from the given protocols. Discussion and conclusion: We figured out that most of the protocols were comparable or the same as the protocol used at the University Medical Center Ljubljana. Remaining protocols contained additional Gradient Echo pulse sequences or advanced pulse sequences. Pulse sequences names vary due to the different Magnetic Resonance tomographs manufacturers. We figured out that there is a significant difference in the parameters used for the same sequence in different protocols. We atributed this to the various manufacturers and protocol optimization.

• Keywords: diploma theses, radiologic technology, prenatal period, pregnancy, fetus, imaging protocol, central nervous system, pulse sequence