Zloraba novih psihoaktivnih snovi med študenti slovenskih univerz

Kepe, Tjaša (author), Sollner Dolenc, Marija (mentor)

Nove psihoaktivne snovi (NPS) posnemajo učinke klasičnih drog in niso z zakonodajo prepovedane. Prav zaradi tega predstavljajo velik izziv zakonodajnim oblastem, njihova uporaba pa se zaradi vse enostavnejše dostopnosti med mlado populacijo povečuje. V Sloveniji imamo na tem področju zelo malo relevantnih podatkov, zato je naš namen zbiranje podatkov o prepoznavnosti in uporabi NPS med študenti Univerze v Mariboru, Univerze v Ljubljani in Univerze na Primorske. Preučevali smo tako starejše, že prepovedane NPS, kot tista, ki so bila v prvi polovici leta 2019 najpogosteje zasežena in analizirana v okviru anonimnih testiranj drog. Zbiranje podatkov je potekalo od 03.12.2019 do 24.04.2020 s pomočjo spletne ankete. Sodelovalo je 1415 anketirancev, od tega je bilo 326 (23,0 %) anketiranih moškega spola in 1089 (77,0 %) ženskega spola. Termin nove psihoaktivne snovi pozna 54,5 % anketirancev, kadarkoli v življenju pa jih je NPS zaužilo 10,4 %. Kot najpomembnejši razlog uživanja (70,1 %) so navedli eksperimentiranje. 13,0 % anketirancev uporablja zgolj eno drogo hkrati, 3,5 % pa jih je poročalo o uporabi raznih kombinacij. Prepoznavnost sintetičnih kanabinoidov je med študenti 4,7 % in 0,6 % jih je vsaj enkrat v življenju uporabilo vsaj eno izmed navedenih predstavnikov. Prepoznavnost sintetičnih katinonov znaša 9,3 %, o uporabi pa poroča 0,6 % anketirancev. Druge NPS prepozna 7,1 % anketirancev. O uporabi navedenih predstavnikov je v našem primeru poročalo 0,6 % vprašanih. S sintetičnimi opioidi je prišlo v stik 3,3 % anketirancev. Po mnenju anketirancev je nevarnost uporabe NPS primerljiva s »klasičnimi« prepovedanimi drogami. Kakršnakoli predpisana zdravila jemlje slabih 20 % anketirancev, slabih 2 % pa jih navaja, da so imeli zaradi uporabe NPS zdravstvene ali socialne težave. 0,6 % študentov je zaradi posledic uporabe tudi poiskalo pomoč. Najpogosteje (71,9 %) bi pomoč poiskali pri prijatelju. Tako na tedenskem kot na mesečnem nivoju anketiranci porabijo največ denarja za nakup alkohola in tobaka ter najmanj za nakup prepovedanih drog in NPS. Uživanje NPS je med študenti kljub zavedanju njihovih posledic precej razširjeno in predstavlja pomembno področje, ki ga je potrebno spremljati na vseh ravneh, celovito ter usklajeno z veliko stopnjo soglasja med različnimi organizacijami.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nove psihoaktivne snovi, nadzor, kanabinoidi, katinoni, EMCDDA
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130077
• Publication date in RUL: 10.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: New psychoactive substances abuse among the students of Slovenian universities

Abstract

New psychoactive substances (NPS) resemble the effects of classic drugs and are not prohibited by law. Precisely due to the lack of prohibition, legislative power now faces a major challenge, as they are easily accessible and therefore their use is increasing among the young population. In Slovenia, we have very little significant data in this field, so the intent of this research is the collection of data on recognition and use of NPS among students of the University of Maribor, the University of Ljubljana and the University of Primorska. We studied both older, already banned NPS, as well as those that were most often seized and analysed in the first half of 2019 as part of anonymous drug testing. Data collection took place from 03.12.2019 to 24.04.2020 with the help of online surveys. 1415 respondents participated, of which 326 (23,0 %) were male respondents and 1089 (77,0 %) were female. The term, new psychoactive substances, is familiar to 54,5 % of respondents, and at any time in life, NPS was consumed by 10,4 %. Experimentation is cited as the most important reason for consumption (70,1 %). 13,0 % of respondents uses only one drug at a time, and 3,5 % report they use them in a variety of combinations. The recognition of synthetic cannabinoids is found in 4,7 % of students and 0,6 % have used one of the selected representatives at least once in a lifetime. The recognition of synthetic cathinones is 9,3 %, and 0,6 % of respondents reported on its usage. 7,1 % of respondents recognize other NPS. In our case, the use of these representatives was reported by 0,6 % respondents. 3,3 % of respondents came into contact with synthetic opioids. According to the respondents, the risk of using NPS is comparable to »classic« drugs. 20 % of respondents take different prescribed medication, just under 2 % stated that due to NPS usage, they have had health or social problems. 0,6 % of students also sought help due to the consequences of use. Most often (71,9 %) they would seek help with friends. On both a weekly and monthly basis, respondents spend the major part of money on buying alcohol and tobacco and the smallest part on buying illicit drugs and the NPS. The use of NPS is quite widespread among students, despite the awareness of their consequences, and represents an important area that needs to be monitored at all levels, comprehensively and in coordination with a high degree of consensus between the various organisations.

• Keywords: new psychoactive substances, control, cannabinoids, cathinones, EMCDDA