Življenjske okoliščine kot ključni faktor duševnega zdravja : diplomsko delo

Vršič, Matevž (author), Videmšek, Petra (mentor)

Dojemanje duševnega zdravja in duševnih stisk se je skozi zgodovino močno spreminjalo. V času »Velikega zapiranja« se je utrdil pojem družbene deviantnosti, ki je bil v veliki meri povezan z revščino in družbeno neproduktivnostjo. Rešitev naraščajoče revščine v novi meščanski družbi je bila njeno izobčenje. Vzpostavljanje meščanske družbe je zahtevalo prilagoditev norm obnašanja in morale. Posledično je proces Velikega Zapiranja poleg revežev in beračev zajel tudi norce, prostitutke, gobavce in druge deviantne profile prebivalstva, ki niso ustrezali novim normam meščanske družbe. Zapiranje norosti je vzpostavilo temelje, na katerih se je začela graditi znanost o norosti, ki se je v 19. stoletju začela uveljavljati pod okriljem medicine. To je razumevanju in obravnavi duševnih stisk dalo znanstveno verodostojnost. Antipsihiatrično gibanje je v 2. polovici 20. stoletja začelo opozarjati na pomanjkljivosti psihiatrične metode, ki je takrat temeljila predvsem na pozitivističnem, biološkem razumevanju duševnih stisk in duševnega zdravja. Duševne stiske so bile po mnenju protagonistov gibanja bolj odvisne od življenjskih okoliščin posameznika kakor pa od njegovih telesnih pomanjkljivosti. Razumevanje duševnih stisk od tam naprej ni več utemeljeno zgolj na medicinskem razumevanju duševnih stisk kot bioloških disfunkcij, kljub temu pa medicina oz. psihiatrija v veliki meri drži monopol nad javnim diskurzom razumevanja duševnih stisk in duševnega zdravja. Cilj te diplomske naloge je pokazati, da bi moralo razumevanje duševnih stisk segati preko meja medicinskih parametrov in da bi morala biti njihova obravnava bolj celostna. Da bi to dokazal, sem napravil pregled literature, v katerem je prepoznaven vpliv pandemije COVID-19 na duševno zdravje. Pandemija in predvsem njeni zajezitveni ukrepi so v vsakdanje življenje posameznikov prinesli pomembne spremembe. Duševno zdravje populacij se je v času pandemije COVID-19 občutno poslabšalo. Karantena in drugi zajezitveni ukrepi kot denimo zaprtje šol predstavljajo ključne spremembe, ki imajo izrazito negativen vpliv na duševno zdravje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: duševno zdravje, duševna bolezen, duševna stiska, psihiatrija, antipsihiatrija, pandemija, COVID-19, karantena, zajezitveni ukrepi, socialna izolacija, zaprtje šol
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Vršič]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF ([57] str.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-129928
• UDC: 364.622:616-036.2
• COBISS.SI-ID: 85177091
• Publication date in RUL: 09.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Social circumstances as the deciding factor of mental health

Abstract

The understanding of mental health has changed drastically throughout history. In the early stages of understanding mental health the term social deviancy was used to describe mental disorders. It was in largely connected to poverty and social unproductiveness. The solution to growing poverty in new bourgeois society was exclusion. The establishment of bourgeois society demanded the adjustment of social norms and morality. This lead to the exclusion of not only poor people and beggars but also prostitutes, lepers, homosexuals and anyone who did not fit the new codes of conduct. The closure and medication of insanity set the groundwork for the scientific study of insanity, which was established in the 19th century as a medical science. This gave the understanding of insanity a scientific credibility. The antipsychiatry movement of the second half of the 20th century began to criticize the shortcomings of the psychiatric method which was, at the time, based mostly on a positivistic, biological understanding of mental health. This movement thought that the mental health of patients is based more on social circumstances than their anatomical shortcomings. Since then the understanding of mental health is not solely based in medical theory but incorporates social factors in to its research and understanding. Despite this the medical field, chiefly psychiatry, still holds a monopoly on public discourse about mental health. The aim of this research is to show that the understanding of mental health must transcend solely medical explanations and that its treatment must be more holistic. This research presents an overview of literature focused on the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health. The pandemic and the ensuing measures put in place to curb the spread of the Corona virus have brought important changes to the lives of individuals. The mental health of populations worldwide has declined sharply during the pandemic. Lockdowns and school closures are crucial changes which have a decidedly negative effect on mental health.

• Keywords: mental health, mental illness, mentl hardship, psychiatry, antipsychiatry, pandemic, COVID-19, quarantine, containment measures, social isolation, school closures