As the world's population grows, so does the need for energy. A significant increase in global energy consumption together with population growth leads to excessive carbon emissions into the atmosphere and the emergence of climate change. This requires the development of efficient energy devices to meet the huge demand for energy and the demand to reduce carbon emissions. The primary source of energy for life on the planet Earth is solar energy. Solar energy is inserted into the biosphere through photosynthesis. It is a physico-chemical process in which plants, algae and some bacteria convert solar energy into chemical energy through organic matter. The production of electricity by phototrophic organisms during illumination is called biophotovoltaics (BPV). Biophotovoltaics is a technology for obtaining energy from oxygen photoautotrophic organisms. BPV devices can be described as a biological electrochemical system or “living solar cells”. In the BPV system, the photolysis of water generates electrons, which are then transferred to the anode. A relatively high potential reaction is created at the cathode and current flows through the external circuit due to the resulting potential difference. The use of a living organism as a self-assembling and self-assembling light-collecting medium can make BPV more cost-effective than other photovoltaic techniques. Scientific research into biophotovoltaics is still in the early stages of development. This is the main reason why we cannot currently successfully use biophotovoltaics as an energy source and completely replace fossil fuels. Many of the reasearches conducted so far are incomparable, as statistical information are missing.
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