Biotechnological processes with yeasts as cell factories are gaining interest, because they can produce natural metabolites in a more environmentally sustainable way compared to the chemical industry. They are also used to produce more complex molecules, such as proteins, and make sure that they are properly folded and suitable for human use. Yeasts have great potential as efficient production organisms also for the production of recombinant mammalian proteins, as they have similar post-translational modifications, some have the ability to utilize specific substrates such as methanol, achieve high biomass concentrations, have efficient secretion of recombinant proteins into the medium, are robust and easy to use. Today, the most widely used yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but non-conventional yeasts have their advantages. Much research potential has been invested in the use of non-conventional yeasts, to solve the major problems that spreclude non-conventional yeasts as efficient industrial strains. For example, that non-conventional yeasts use the mechanism of non-homologous end-joining. Advanced genome editing tools are also being developed. The aim of the thesis was to describe the advantages, obstacles and methods taken by scientists to overcome them in non-conventional yeasts, especially Yarrowia lipolytica and Komagataella pastoris.
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