Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial intestinal infections. The main cause are the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni. In recent years, the number of these infections has increased. A major problem is the formation of a biofilm. In a biofilm the bacteria are more resistant. The aim of our work was to investigate the mechanisms of biofilm formation of bacteria Campylobacter jejuni at the transcriptome level and to highlight potential targets to control these bacteria. We investigated motility, attachment to surfaces, cell communication, stress response and formation of the extracellular matrix. Motility and attachment were shown to be the main mechanisms for the onset of biofilm formation. The mechanisms of cell communication were also very important for successful formation. Mutations of genes (flaA, flaB, flgE, cadF, flpA, jlpA, luxS) involved in these three mechanisms inhibited or prevented biofilm formation. Bacterial cells are protected in the biofilm by the extracellular matrix, which also allows adhesins to bind and bacteria to irreversibly attach to the surface. When stress conditions occurred, genes involved in the general stress response (groEL, groES) were up-regulated.
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