The pharmacological properties and therapeutic use of apomorphine

Ribarič, Samo (author)

Apomorphine (APO) is an aporphine derivative used in human and veterinary medicine. APO activates D$_1$, D$_{2S}$, D$_{2L}$, D$_3$, D$_4$, and D$_5$ receptors (and is thus classified as a non-selective dopamine agonist), serotonin receptors (5HT$_{1A}$, 5HT$_{2A}$, 5HT$_{2B}$, and 5HT$_{2C}$), and α-adrenergic receptors (α$_{1B}$, α$_{1D}$, α$_{2A}$, α$_{2B}$, and α$_{2C}$). In veterinary medicine, APO is used to induce vomiting in dogs, an important early treatment for some common orally ingested poisons (e.g., anti-freeze or insecticides). In human medicine, it has been used in a variety of treatments ranging from the treatment of addiction (i.e., to heroin, alcohol or cigarettes), for treatment of erectile dysfunction in males and hypoactive sexual desire disorder in females to the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, APO is used in patients with advanced PD, for the treatment of persistent and disabling motor fluctuations which do not respond to levodopa or other dopamine agonists, either on its own or in combination with deep brain stimulation. Recently, a new and potentially important therapeutic role for APO in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease has been suggested; APO seems to stimulate Aβ catabolism in an animal model and cell culture, thus reducing the rate of Aβ oligomerisation and consequent neural cell death.

• Language: English
• Keywords: apomorphine, Alzheimer’s disease, dopamine agonist, erectile dysfunction, Parkinson’s disease, impotence, pharmacology, drug therapy, diet therapy
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2012
• Number of pages: Str. 5289-5309
• Numbering: Vol. 17, iss. 5
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-129518
• UDC: 615
• ISSN on article: 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055289
• COBISS.SI-ID: 29971161
• Publication date in RUL: 03.09.2021

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Molecules
• Shortened title: Molecules
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1420-3049
• COBISS.SI-ID: 18462981

Licences

• License: CC BY 3.0, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
• Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en
• Description: You are free to reproduce and redistribute the material in any medium or format. You are free to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
• Licensing start date: 07.05.2012

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Alzheimerjeva bolezen, Parkinsonova bolezen, apomorfin, impotenca

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P3-0171
• Name: Poškodba, plastičnost in regeneracija živčevja in mišic