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A sentinel serological study in selected zoo animals to assess early detection of West Nile and Usutu virus circulation in Slovenia
ID Kvapil, Pavel (Author), ID Račnik, Joško (Author), ID Kastelic, Marjan (Author), ID Bártová, Eva (Author), ID Korva, Miša (Author), ID Jelovšek, Mateja (Author), ID Avšič-Županc, Tatjana (Author)

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Abstract
Monitoring infectious diseases is a crucial part of preventive veterinary medicine in zoological collections. This zoo environment contains a great variety of animal species that are in contact with wildlife species as a potential source of infectious diseases. Wild birds may be a source of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) virus, which are both emerging pathogens of rising concern. The aim of this study was to use zoo animals as sentinels for the early detection of WNV and USUV in Slovenia. In total, 501 sera from 261 animals of 84 animal species (including birds, rodents, lagomorphs, carnivores, ungulates, reptiles, equids, and primates) collected for 17 years (2002–2018) were tested for antibodies to WNV and USUV. Antibodies to WNV were detected by indirect immunofluorescence tests in 16 (6.1%) of 261 animals representing 10 species, which were sampled prior to the first active cases of WNV described in 2018 in Slovenia in humans, a horse, and a hooded crow (Corvus cornix). Antibodies to USUV were detected in 14 out of 261 animals tested (5.4%) that were positive prior to the first positive cases of USUV infection in common blackbirds (Turdus merula) in Slovenia. The study illustrates the value of zoological collections as a predictor of future emerging diseases.

Language:English
Keywords:infectious diseases, zoo environment, West Nile virus, Usutu virus epidemiology, biosurveillance, communicable diseases, Flaviviridae infections, fluorescent antibody technique, animals
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:VF - Veterinary Faculty
MF - Faculty of Medicine
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2021
Number of pages:9 str.
Numbering:Vol. 13, iss. 4, art. 626
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-128830 This link opens in a new window
UDC:636.09:616.9:578
ISSN on article:1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v13040626 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:58589443 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:04.08.2021
Views:1109
Downloads:165
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Viruses
Shortened title:Viruses
Publisher:MDPI
ISSN:1999-4915
COBISS.SI-ID:517597977 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:06.04.2021

Projects

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:P4-0092
Name:Zdravje živali, okolje in varna hrana

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