Primerjava učinkovitosti konservativnih fizioterapevtskih postopkov za zdravljenje fekalne inkontinence pri ženskah – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Zel, Rebeka (avtor), Šćepanović, Darija (mentor), Hlebš, Sonja (recenzent)

Uvod: Fekalna inkontinenca pomeni nehoteno uhajanje tekočega ali formiranega blata in predstavlja velik socialni in higienski problem za pacienta. Fekalna inkontinenca je simptom oziroma posledica neke bolezni in ni samostojna diagnoza, ki lahko nastane zaradi različnih dejavnikov. Kljub temu da obstaja veliko različnih pristopov za zdravljenje fekalne inkontinence, se kot prva izbira uporablja konservativno zdravljenje. Zelo pomembna je vloga fizioterapevta pri obravnavi in pri izvajanju intervencij. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil na osnovi pregleda strokovne in znanstvene literature primerjati različne učinke konservativnega zdravljenja pri ženskah s fekalno inkontinenco in ugotoviti, ali je katera izmed metod učinkovitejša od drugih. Metode dela: V pregled literature so bile vključene raziskave, ki smo jih poiskali v splošnih podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PEDro in Cochrane library in ročno v knjižnici, objavljenih v obdobju med 1999 in 2016. Vključitveni kriteriji so bili: randomizirana raziskava, odrasle ženske, starejše od 18 let, slovenski in angleški jezik, fekalna inkontinenca pri ženskah, fizioterapija fekalne inkontinence. Rezultati: Po pregledu vseh vključitvenih in izključitvenih dejavnikov je bilo izbranih 8 raziskav. Rezultati kažejo, da je vadba mišic medeničnega dna največkrat uporabljena metoda in se jo najpogosteje kombinira z biološko povratno zvezo ali električno stimulacijo. Kot dodatek je pogosto vključena še edukacija fizioterapevta ali medicinske sestre. Vse intervencije so pokazale izboljšanje simptomov fekalne inkontinence. Razprava in zaključek: Katera od izbranih intervencij je najučinkovitejša, je nemogoče oceniti. Iz rezultatov po pregledu literature lahko sklepamo, da je vsak način konservativnega zdravljenja do neke mere učinkovit in pripomore k izboljšanju simptomov fekalne inkontinence. Da bi lahko z gotovostjo potrdili, katera od metod je najkoristnejša oziroma katera kombinacija le-teh, bi bilo treba opraviti dodatne kvalitetne raziskave. Za najuporabnejšo se je še zmeraj izkazala vadba mišic medeničnega dna, ki je tudi najmanj invazivna. V literaturi ni mogoče zaslediti, da bi katera od uporabljenih metod imela negativne posledice na zdravstveno stanje pacientov.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, fekalna inkontinenca pri ženskah, konservativno zdravljenje, vadba mišic medeničnega dna
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [R. Zel]
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: 39 str., [7] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-128827
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 73296131
• Datum objave v RUL: 04.08.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Comparison of the efficacy of conservative physiotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of faecal incontinence in women – literature review : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Fecal incontinence means the involuntary leakage of liquid or formed faeces and poses a major social and hygienic problem for the patient. Fecal incontinence is a symptom or consequence of some diseases in self-diagnosis, which can occur due to various factors. Even if there are many different approaches to treating fecal incontinence, the first choice is usually conservative treatment. The role of the physiotherapist for the treatment and application of interventions is very important. Purpose: The main purpose of the thesis is to compare the different effects of conservative treatment in women with fecal incontinence based on a review of experts in the scientific literature and to determine whether one of the methods is more effective than others. Methods of work: The literature review included the research we found in the general databases PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PEDro and Cochrane Library and in the libraries published between 1999 and 2016. The inclusion criteria were the following: randomized controlled trials, adult women older than 18 years, Slovenian and English language, fecal incontinence in women and physiotherapy of fecal incontinence. Results: After reviewing all included and excluded factors we selected 8 studies. The results showed that pelvic floor muscle exercise is the most commonly used method, and is even more common in combination with biofeedback or electrical stimulation. In addition, education by a physiotherapist or nurse is often included. All interventions showed improvement of the symptoms of fecal incontinence. Discussion and conclusion: It is impossible to evaluate which of the selected interventions is the most effective. From the results in the reviewing literature, we can conclude that each of the methods of conservative treatment has made only some effective contribution to improving the symptoms of fecal incontinence. In order to be able to confirm with certainty which of the methods or combination of the methods is most useful, additional qualitative research should be completed. Pelvic floor muscle training, which is also the least invasive, has proven to be the most useful. There is no findings in the literature that any of the methods used would have negative consequences on the health status of patients.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, physiotherapy, faecal incontinence in women, conservative treatment, pelvic floor muscle training