Obremenitve pri odrivu na veliki prožni ponjavi : magistrsko delo

Vrbec, Urša (author), Čuk, Ivan (mentor)

Velika prožna ponjava je telovadno orodje, ki v zraku akrobatom omogoča izvedbo skokov z večkratnimi salti in vrtenji okoli dolžinske osi. Skoki so sestavljeni iz izmeničnih stikov s ponjavo in leta. Stik s ponjavo delimo še na pristajanje, ki traja od prvega stika do najnižjega spusta ponjave, ter odriva, ki traja od najnižjega spusta ponjave do zadnjega stika s ponjavo. V stiku s ponjavo akrobat prilagodi svoje gibanje tako, da bo v zraku uspešno izvedel zastavljen skok. Akrobati na tekmovanju izvajajo sestave z desetimi skoki, za katere sodniki podajo oceno. Ocena je sestavljena iz časa leta, vodoravnega pomika, ocene izvedbe in ocene težavnosti, v primeru neupoštevanja pravil pa lahko tekmovalec dobi še odbitek glavnega sodnika. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 25 akrobatov in akrobatk zavedenih pri Gimnastični zvezi Slovenije. Vsak akrobat je izvedel dve sestavi z desetimi stegnjenimi skoki z vnaprej določenim premikom po ponjavi. Za vsak odriv smo izmerili stične čase in sile pritiska na ponjavo za levo in desno nogo posebej ter izpisali koordinate skokov. Za ugotavljanje asimetrij med levo in desno nogo smo uporabili T-test, za ugotavljanje značilnosti vodoravnega premika pa regresijo. Pri skokih na veliki prožni ponjavi prihaja do asimetrij, ki nam omogočajo premik po ponjavi in ustrezno vrtenje za izvedbo različnih prvin v zraku. Na vodoravni premik po ponjavi poleg sil na podlago vplivajo še stični časi ter druge spremenljivke, ki jih v naši raziskavi nismo izmerili. Pri vsakem stiku s ponjavo akrobat ustrezno prilagodi svoje gibanje glede na predhodni in naslednji skok.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: velika prožna ponjava, skok stegnjeno, odriv, sila pritiska na ponjavo, stični čas
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-128504
• COBISS.SI-ID: 74326019
• Publication date in RUL: 16.07.2021

VRBEC, Urša, 2021, Obremenitve pri odrivu na veliki prožni ponjavi : magistrsko delo [online]. Master’s thesis. [Accessed 15 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=128504

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Loads during take-off in trampoline gymnastics

Abstract

A trampoline is a gymnastic apparatus that allows acrobats to perform jumps consisting of multiple somersaults with twists. The jumps comprise alternating contacts with the trampoline bed and flight phases. The contact phase is further divided into the landing, which lasts from the first contact with the bed to maximum bed depression, and the take-off, which lasts from the maximum bed depression to the last contact with the bed. During the contact with the bed, acrobats adjust their movement so that they are able to successfully perform the set jump in the air. The acrobats in the competition perform routines containing ten jumps, which are then scored by the judges. The total score consists of time of flight, horizontal displacement, execution and difficulty. In case of non-compliance with the rules, the competitor may also receive a deduction from the Chief Judge. Our study involved 25 acrobats, both male and female, who are registered at the Slovenian Gymnastics Federation. Each acrobat performed two routines consisting of ten stretched jumps with different horizontal displacement. For each take-off position, we measured the contact times and pressure forces on the bed for the left and right foot separately and calculated the coordinates of the jumps. A T-test was used to determine the asymmetries between the left and right leg, whereas regression was used to determine the characteristics of horizontal displacement. During a trampoline jump, the asymmetries that occur allow us to move across the bed and rotate accordingly in order to perform various elements in the air. In addition to the forces on the ground, the horizontal displacement along the bed is also influenced by contact times and other variables that were not measured in the course of this study. At each take-off, the acrobat adjusts his or her movement according to the preceding and succeeding jumps.

• Keywords: trampoline gymnastics, straight jump, take-off, force on a trampoline, contact time