Evaluating the vulnerability of several geodetic GNSS receivers under chirp signal L1/E1 jamming

Bažec, Matej (author), Dimc, Franc (author), Pavlovčič Prešeren, Polona (author)

Understanding the factors that might intentionally influence the reception of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals can be a challenging topic today. The focus of this research is to evaluate the vulnerability of geodetic GNSS receivers under the use of a low-cost L1 GPS band and E1 Galileo frequency band (L1/E1) frequency jammer. A suitable area for testing was established in Slovenia. Nine receivers from different manufacturers were under consideration in this study. While positioning, intentional 3-minute jammings were performed by a jammer that was located statically at different distances from receivers. Furthermore, kinematic disturbances were performed using a jammer placed in a vehicle that passed the testing area at various speeds. An analysis of different scenarios indicated that despite the use of an L1/E1 jammer, the GLONASS (Russian: Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema) and Galileo signals were also affected, either due to the increased carrier-to-noise-ratio (C/N$_0$) or, in the worst cases, by a loss-of-signal. A jammer could substantially affect the position, either with a lack of any practical solution or even with a wrong position. Maximal errors in the carrier-phase positions, which should be considered a concern for geodesy, differed by a few metres from the exact solution. The factor that completely disabled the signal reception was the proximity of a jammer, regardless of its static or kinematic mode.

• Language: English
• Keywords: GNSS jammer, geodetic GNSS receivers, signal loss, carrier-to-noise-ratio
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport; FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 25 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 20, iss. 3, art. 814
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-128469
• UDC: 528.8
• ISSN on article: 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s20030814
• COBISS.SI-ID: 2963811
• Publication date in RUL: 14.07.2021

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Sensors
• Shortened title: Sensors
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1424-8220
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10176278

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 03.02.2020

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: GNSS zastoji, GNSS sprejemniki, signali izgube, navigacija, satelitska navigacija

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P2-0227
• Name: Geoinformacijska infrastruktura in trajnostni prostorski razvoj Slovenije

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P2-0394
• Name: Modeliranje in simulacije v prometu in pomorstvu