Odzivanje na uporabo psihoaktivnih substanc v vzgojnih zavodih

Hribovšek, Ines (author), Zrim Martinjak, Nataša (mentor)

Magistrsko delo obravnava področje uporabe psihoaktivnih substanc (v nadaljevanju PAS) med mladostniki, nastanjenimi v vzgojnih zavodih, in odzivanje na to problematiko. V vzgojno-izobraževalnih zavodih naj bi bili nastanjeni mladostniki s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami, vse pogostejša pa je pridružena problematika uživanja psihoaktivnih substanc. V teoretičnem delu so predstavljeni statistični podatki, vezani na obravnavano problematiko, pregled uporabe psihoaktivnih substanc med mladimi in njihov vpliv na življenje mladostnika. Predstavljeni so tudi varovalni dejavniki in dejavniki tveganja, ki pomembno vplivajo na uporabo PAS. Nadalje so predstavljeni vzgojni zavodi v Sloveniji, potek sprejema, namestitve in dela z mladostniki. Opravljen je tudi pregled letnih delovnih načrtov posameznih slovenskih zavodov in primerjava odzivanja na problematiko uporabe psihoaktivnih substanc. Predstavljeni so tudi preventivni in kurativni programi, ki delujejo na področju uporabe PAS v Sloveniji. V empiričnem delu so predstavljeni rezultati opravljene raziskave, katere namen je bil pregledati trenutno stanje uporabe PAS v izbranem zavodu ter ugotoviti, na kakšen način se že dela na tem področju, kje bi se še lahko, kakšni so razlogi mladostnikov za uporabo PAS in kakšne so ovire za napredek. Opravljenih je bilo 20 intervjujev, 9 s strokovnimi delavci izbranega vzgojnega zavoda in 11 z mladostniki, ki so v zavodu nastanjeni. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je v izbranem vzgojnem zavodu v večini vsakodnevno prisotna marihuana. Motivacija za prenehanje ali zmanjšanje uporabe PAS pri mladostnikih je nizka, strokovni delavci pa se mladostnikom trudijo pomagati pri zmanjšanju uporabe na različne načine. Največje ovire vidijo v finančni podhranjenosti zavoda, prostorskih pomanjkljivostih, nezmožnosti izpeljave več športnega udejstvovanja in tudi v pomanjkanju ustrezno izobraženega kadra. Izražen je tudi problem splošne družbene tolerance do uporabe PAS in razširjenosti marihuane v družbi. Trenutno ustrezne rešitve za mladostnike, ki so odvisni od uporabe PAS, ni, kot možno rešitev več strokovnih delavcev predlaga posebno ustanovo, ki bi se specializirala za mladostnike, ki imajo poleg čustveno-vedenjskih težav pridruženo tudi uporabo ali pa odvisnost od PAS.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: psihoaktivne substance
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-128082
• COBISS.SI-ID: 67306243
• Publication date in RUL: 17.08.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Responding to the use of psychoactive substances in educational institutions

Abstract

This master's thesis discusses the use of psychoactive substances (hereinafter: PAS) in adolescents, staying in educational institutions, and reactions to this problem. Educational institutions are said to house adolescents with emotional and behavioural problems, with the use of psychoactive substances as an associated problem becoming increasingly frequent. The theoretical part presents statistical data, related to the topic discussed, reviews the use of psychoactive substances in adolescents and shows their effect on the life of an adolescent. In addition, protective and risk factors, which have an important impact on the use of PAS, are also outlined. The thesis presents educational institutions in Slovenia, related admission and placement processes and work with adolescents. An overview of annual work plans of individual Slovene institutions was also conducted, along with the comparison of different reactions to the use of psychoactive substances. In the end, preventive and curative measures, which apply to the use of PAS in Slovenia, are also presented. The empirical part presents the results of a research that was conducted to review the current situation regarding the use of PAS in a selected institution and to determine what measures have already been implemented, what measures could be implemented in the future, why adolescents decide to use PAS and what prevents them from overcoming this problem. In total, 20 interviews were conducted, 9 of those with professional workers of the selected educational institution and 11 with adolescents, staying in the institution. The results of the research showed that, in the selected educational institution, mostly marijuana is used on a daily basis. Adolescents do not feel motivated to quit the use of PAS, even though professional workers try to help them in different ways. According to them, the biggest obstacles in doing so are the institution's lack of funds, of space and of staff with adequate qualifications as well as the inability to provide more sports activity. Moreover, they also stressed the worrying general social tolerance towards the use of PAS and the prevalence of marijuana in the society as a whole. Currently, there is no satisfactory solution for adolescents, who are addicted to the use of PAS; nonetheless, a group of professional workers suggest a special institution, which would specialise in treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems and an associated use or abuse of PAS.

• Keywords: psychoactive substances