Introduction: Psychonephrology is the science that deals with the physical and mental health of patients with chronic kidney failure. Chronic kidney failure is the final stage of chronic kidney disease and has a detrimental impact on a patient's quality of life, affecting physical, mental and social aspects of life. Patients with chronic kidney failure most often opt for haemodialysis when choosing renal replacement therapy. Haemodialysis treatment maintains and improves the physical aspect of the patient's health, while the mental aspect of the patient's health remains less important or is not even considered as an integral part of the care process. Reduced quality of life worsens mental health and increases the risk of developing mental disorders. Depressive or anxiety disorders are most common in haemodialysis patients. A mental disorder that is left untreated or inadequately treated leads to life-threatening suicidal behaviour. Treating a mental disorder in a patient undergoing haemodialysis further complicates the delivery of quality care. Care providers can prevent the onset of mental health problems by responsibly assessing the quality of life and mental health of haemodialysis patients. Purpose: The aim of this diploma work is to present and explain the mental health changes that can have a crucial impact on the course of treatment and quality of life of patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment. Methods: A descriptive method was used to review the domestic and foreign scientific and professional literature. A random number of relevant literature was included in the final literature review because the number of potentially acceptable literature was too large. 25 units of literature were used to review studies on mental health and quality of life in haemodialysis patients. Results: The studies presented here show that many individual, social and clinical factors were responsible for the occurrence of depression, anxiety and reduced quality of life in haemodialysis patients. There is a strong association between depression, anxiety and reduced quality of life in haemodialysis patients, suggesting that all three problems may be a cause or consequence of changes in mental health or quality of life. The prevalence rates of these mental disorders vary widely due to the number of patients studied, the assessment tools used and the fact that it is extremely difficult to identify a mental disorder in these patients in a short period of time. In most of the studies reviewed, there is a push to evaluate and integrate the mental health of haemodialysis patients into the daily nursing process. Discussion and conclusion: The reduced quality of life of the patient also leads to changes in the patient's mental health, so it is not enough to care for the physical aspect of the haemodialysis patient's care, as the mental aspect of the care is an equally important factor in the effectiveness of the haemodialysis treatment. Full management of changes in mental health and quality of life in haemodialysis patients is difficult to implement in nursing practice, as psychonephrology is currently under-researched. The responsibility for the patient's mental health and quality of life is shared equally between the patient and the care providers, so mutual cooperation, trust and respect are important to ensure optimal quality of care for the haemodialysis patient.
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