Implementacija smernic WCAG 2.1 na primeru spletišča Univerze v Ljubljani

Završnik, Jerca (author), Stanković Elesini, Urška (mentor), Košak Babuder, Milena (comentor)

Moč svetovnega spleta se kaže v njegovi univerzalnosti. Dosegljiv je vsakomur, ne glede na motorične, senzorne ali kognitivne sposobnosti posameznika. To omogočajo tudi smernice spletne dostopnosti WCAG 2.1, ki so v zadnjih letih postale obvezni del standardov in zakonodaj pri nas in drugod po svetu. Zelo pomembno je, da priporočila smernic upoštevamo in jih implementiramo na različna spletišča, saj splet močno vpliva na naš način življenja, vsakodnevna opravila in na naše razmišljanje. Namen magistrskega dela je bil priprava oblikovnega predloga dostopnejšega spletnega mesta Univerze v Ljubljani. Slednja je najstarejša in največja visokošolska ter znanstveno raziskovalna ustanova v Sloveniji, na kateri delujejo in se izobražujejo tudi osebe s posebnimi potrebami zaradi najrazličnejših primanjkljajev, oviranosti ali motenj. Zato je pomembno, da je spletno mesto dostopno vsem (bodočim) študentom, zaposlenim in ostalim obiskovalcem. Eksperimentalni del je bil zasnovan na rezultatih preliminarne analize oziroma primerjave spletišč Univerze v Ljubljani, Univerze v Mariboru, Univerze Princeton in Univerze Oxford ter na oblikovni nadgradnji in rezultatih testiranja uporabnosti prototipa dostopnejšega spletišča Univerze v Ljubljani. Rezultati spletnega pregledovalnika WAVE so pokazali, da obstoječe spletišče Univerze v Ljubljani ni ustrezno prilagojeno osebam s posebnimi potrebami. Tuji univerzi sta imeli precej manj odkritih napak oziroma neskladnosti kot spletišče Univerze v Ljubljani, je pa bilo slednje v primerjavi s spletiščem Univerze v Mariboru odzivno oblikovano (prilagojeno za uporabo na različnih napravah). Na podlagi opravljene SWOT analize ter z upoštevanjem smernic spletne dostopnosti WCAG 2.1 je bila optimizirana vsebinska struktura spletišča in pripravljena informacijska arhitektura. Slednja je služila kot vodilo pri načrtovanju in oblikovanju prototipa dostopnejšega spletišča Univerze v Ljubljani. Testiranje uporabnosti med študenti s posebnimi potrebami je pokazalo, da je predlog prenovljenega spletišča bolj razumljiv in uporaben. Implementacija na svetovni splet bi omogočila dodatne prilagoditve, ki bi spletno mesto naredile še dostopnejše.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: spletna dostopnost, smernice WCAG 2.1, žični modeli, spletno oblikovanje, testiranje uporabnosti
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-127691
• Publication date in RUL: 19.06.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: WCAG 2.1 guidelines implementation on example of University of Ljubljana website

Abstract

The power of the World Wide Web is displayed through its universality. It can be accessed by anyone regardless of their physical, motoric or cognitive abilities. The same goes for the WCAG 2.1 web accessibility guidelines. It is imperative that the guidelines be abided by and that they be implemented in various websites as web greatly affect our lifestyles, everyday tasks as well as our thinking. The principal aim of this thesis is to develop a design suggestion for a more accessible website for the University of Ljubljana. The University is the oldest and the largest higher-education and scientific-research institution in Slovenia and employs and educates people including persons with special needs due to various deficits, impairments and disorders. It is thus important to make the website accessible to every (future) student, employee and any other visitor. The experimental part is based on the results of the preliminary analysis that compares the websites of the University of Ljubljana, the University of Maribor, the Princeton University and the Oxford University. The analysis also implements the design upgrade and the results of usability testing for a more accessible website for University of Ljubljana. The results of the WAVE evaluation tool show the existing website for the University of Ljubljana is not adequately adapted for people with special needs. The two foreign universities' websites present fewer mistakes and inconsistencies than the website for the University of Ljubljana. However, the latter is, compared to the website for the University of Maribor, responsively designed for the use on various devices. Based on the SWOT analysis and implementing the WCAG 2.1 web accessibility guidelines, the contents of the website and the prepared information architecture were optimized. The latter was used as a guideline in the planning and designing of a more accessible website prototype for the University of Ljubljana. The usability testing among students with special needs showed that the website suggestion is more easily understandable and useful. Implementation to the World Wide Web would allow additional adjustments that would make the website even more accessible.

• Keywords: web accessibility, WCAG 2.1 guidelines, website, wireframes, web design, usability testing