Advances in the understanding of the annular laser beam wire cladding process

Kotar, Matjaž (author), Fujishima, Makoto (author), Levy, Gideon N. (author), Govekar, Edvard (author)

This paper experimentally studies the influence of conventional process parameters (laser beam power, P, workpiece, and wire feeding velocities), and the nominal workpiece irradiation proportion WIP$_N$ parameter, on ALB-WC process stability and generated clad geometry. The study was based on an extensive set of single clad experiments using stainless steel AISI 316L wire of 0.6 mm diameter and a stainless steel AISI 304 workpiece. The results show that the laser beam power required for a stable process increases non-linearly with WIP$_N$, and this relationship can be described by quadratic regression. An increase in either the workpiece or wire feeding velocity respectively causes a reduction or enlargement of the stability region in the P- WIP$_N$ stability diagrams. The influences on stability diagrams are explained by means of the increase in the nominal WIP$_N$ to the effective WIP$_E$, as a result of the clad height generated. With respect to clad geometry, it was shown that an increase in the WIP$_N$ causes a decrease in the dilution ratio, which is linearly correlated with the workpiece and melt pool temperatures, while clad width and height are not influenced by the WIP$_N$. The paper further explains the complex influences of the process parameters observed on process stability and generated clad geometry using a phenomenological description of the ALB-WC process at a low and high nominal WIP$_N$. For this purpose, heat transfer, Marangoni flow, and laser beam reflections are considered qualitatively and supported by IR and visual images of the wire-end and melt pool as well as the workpiece and melt pool temperatures.

• Language: English
• Keywords: annular laser beam, laser wire cladding, nominal workpiece irradiation proportion, process stability, clad geometry, melt pool and workpiece temperature
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 12 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 294, art. 117105
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-127263
• UDC: 621.9.04(045)
• ISSN on article: 0924-0136
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117105
• COBISS.SI-ID: 52257539
• Publication date in RUL: 01.06.2021

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Journal of materials processing technology
• Shortened title: J. mater. process. technol.
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 0924-0136
• COBISS.SI-ID: 30105600

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: anularni laserski žarek, lasersko nanašanje žice, imenski delež osvetljevanja obdelovanca, stabilnost procesa, geometrija nanosa, temperatura talilnega bazena in obdelovanca

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P2-0241
• Name: Sinergetika kompleksnih sistemov in procesov

• Funder: Other - Other funder or multiple funders
• Funding programme: DMG Mori Co., Ltd.