Odnos staršev do aplikacije vitamina K pri novorojenčku : diplomsko delo

Mirc, Ana (author), Prelec, Anita (mentor), Skubic, Metka (reviewer)

Uvod: Vitamini so snovi, ki so potrebne za normalno delovanje našega telesa. Ločimo vodotopne in v maščobi topne vitamine. Med slednje spada tudi vitamin K, ki je esencialen dejavnik pri produkciji snovi, ki so potrebne za strjevanje krvi. Novorojenčkom po rojstvu primanjkuje vitamina K, zato so najbolj dovzetni za razvoj hemoragične bolezni novorojenčka. Preprečimo jo lahko s preventivnim intramuskularnim ali oralnim dodajanjem vitamina K po rojstvu. Naloga babice je, da starše o profilaksi z vitaminom K informira in jim pomaga pri sprejemanju informirane odločitve, ali bo otrok prejel dozo vitamina K in na kakšen način. Namen: Želeli smo raziskati, kakšen odnos imajo slovenski starši do aplikacije vitamina K pri novorojenčku. Zanimalo nas je znanje staršev o vitaminu K, njihova izkušnja z zdravstvenim osebjem in informiranjem ter njihova odločitev glede aplikacije vitamina K pri otroku. Metode dela: V prvem delu diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene tuje in domače literature, ki smo jo večinoma iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz na spletu – COBISS.SI, PubMed, MedLine in Google Scholar. V drugem, empiričnem delu diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena kvantitativna metoda dela, kjer smo podatke pridobili s pomočjo spletne anonimne ankete EnKlikAnketa. Anketirali smo starše, ki so postali starši v zadnjih treh letih (2018–2020). V anketi je bilo 14 vprašanj, ki so bila zasnovana na podlagi pregleda literature. Rezultati: V anketi je sodelovalo 1488 žensk in 12 moških. Od 1500 udeležencev jih je 1492 kot kraj poroda označilo porodnišnico. Največ anketirancev je bilo starih 25–30 let, največji delež anketiranih je imel dokončano visokošolsko oz. univerzitetno izobrazbo. Večina anketirancev (67 %) ve, kakšna je vloga vitamina K v telesu in zakaj se ga novorojenčkom po rojstvu dodaja. Pod ukrepi, ki učinkovito pomagajo glede pomanjkanja vitamina K, je 61 % staršev odgovorilo intramuskularno dodajanje vitamina K in 40 % oralni način dodajanja. Zapleta hemoragične bolezni novorojenčka ne pozna 70 % anketirancev. 73 % udeleženih v raziskavi navaja, da jih zdravstveno osebje ni informiralo o profilaksi z vitaminom K. Najpogostejši vir informacij, ki so se ga starši posluževali za iskanje informacij o vitaminu K, je internet. 82 % anketirancev je dovolilo dodajanje vitamina K. Od teh se je 63 % odločilo za intramuskularni način dodajanja, 8 % za oralni in 29 % jih ne ve, kako je otrok prejel vitamin K. Tisti starši, ki niso dovolili profilakse z vitaminom K, so tudi navedli razloge za svojo odločitev. Najpogostejši so: ker je to nepotrebno, nenaravno, zaradi toksičnih sestavin in zaradi strahu pred stranskimi učinki. Razprava in zaključek: V raziskavi smo prišli do pomembnih podatkov glede znanja staršev o vitaminu K in njihovih izkušenj z apliciranjem le-tega pri novorojenčku. Ugotovili smo, da obstajajo pomembne razlike med anketiranimi starši na področju preventive z vitaminom K. Prišli smo do ugotovitev, da so nekateri starši zelo izobraženi o vitaminu K in seznanjeni s prejetjem preventivne doze le-tega pri novorojenčku na podlagi njihove informirane odločitve. Na drugi strani pa obstajajo starši, ki ne vedo, kaj je vitamin K, oz. ne vedo, ali ga je njihov otrok po rojstvu sploh prejel. Raziskava nam je pomagala priti do spoznanja, da starše zdravstveno osebje premalo ali sploh ne informira o vitaminu K ter ne pridobi njihovega dovoljenja za aplikacijo le-tega pri novorojenčku. Menimo, da bi bilo koristno izdelati slovenska navodila o profilaksi z vitaminom K, ki bi bila staršem razumljiva in dostopna. Glede na rezultate ankete predlagamo izboljšave v informiranju staršev s strani zdravstvenega osebja za pridobitev informiranega soglasja glede preventivnega apliciranja vitamina K pri novorojenčku.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, babištvo, profilaksa, hemoragična bolezen novorojenčka, vloga babice, informirana odločitev staršev.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Mirc]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 33 str., [5] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-126884
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 62419715
• Publication date in RUL: 08.05.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Parents' relation to application of vitamin K to the newborn : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamins are substances which our body needs for normal function. There are water and fat soluble vitamins. Vitamin K is fat soluble vitamin and has an important role in producing substances that are neccessary for blood clotting. Newborns are born with low amount of vitamin K in their body, so they are most susceptible for developing vitamin K deficiency bleeding. We can prevent it with either intramuscular or oral application of vitamin K right after birth. The midwife's role is to inform parents about vitamin K prophylaxis and help them make an informed decision about whether or not the child will receive a dose of vitamin K and in what way. Purpose: The research about Slovenian parents' relation towards the application of vitamin K to the newborn was performed. We were interested in parents' knowledge of vitamin K, their experience with getting information from health professionals and their decision regarding the application of vitamin K to the newborn. Methods: The first part of the research was theoretical literature review of professional and scientific foreign and domestic literature. The literature used for the purpose of this research was obtained through the databases COBISS.SI, PubMed, MedLine and Google Scholar. The second part was a quantitative study, where an online questionnaire was developed as a method of research. The parents who have become parents in the last three years (2018 – 2021) were surveyed. The questionniare consisted of 14 questions, based on a literature review. Results: 1488 women and 12 men participated in an online survey. 1500 participants were included and 1492 identified the maternity hospital as the place of birth. Most respondents belong to the age group of 25 – 30 years and most of them have completed higher or university education. The majority of respondents (67 %) know the role of vitamin K in the body and why it is added to newborns after birth. In a question about measures that effectively help with vitamin K deficiency, 61 % parents responded with intramuscular vitamin K supplementation and 40 % with oral supplementation. 70 % of respondents do not know the complication of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. 73 % of participants in the study, state that they were not informed by health professionals about prophylaxis with vitamin K. The most common source of information about vitamin K was the internet. 82 % of respondents allowed application of vitamin K to the newborn; 63 % of them opted for the intramuscular method of application, 8 % for the oral and 29 % did not know how the newborn received vitamin K. Those parents who did not allow vitamin K prophylaxis gave reasons why they chose to do so. The most common are: unnecessary, unnatural procedure, toxic ingredients and fear of the side effects. Discussion and conclusion: In the research we obtained an important data about parents' knowledge and their experience with the application of vitamin K to the newborn. We found that there are significant differences between parents involved in the survey. Some parents are highly educated about vitamin K and are aware that their newborn will receive a preventive dose of vitamin K after birth based on their informed decision. On the other hand, there are parents who do not know what vitamin K is or they do not know if their child received it at all. With help of the research we found that the health professionals do not inform parents about vitamin K enough or not at all and do not obtain their permission for application of vitamin K to the newborn. It would be useful to prepare a Slovenian recommendation on vitamin K prophylaxis, which would be understandable and accessible to the parents. Based on the results of the survey emprovement in informing parents by health professionals and obtaining their informed consent for preventive use of vitamin K to the newborn after birth is necessary.

• Keywords: diploma theses, midwifery, prophylaxis, vitamin K deficiency bleeding, role of midwife, informed parental decision.