Načini izboljšanja preživetvene sposobnosti telet

Lombar, Neža (author), Klopčič, Marija (mentor)

Na osnovi pregleda literature ugotavljamo, da preživetvena sposobnost telet predstavlja vse večji problem tako v Sloveniji, kot tudi v svetu. V Sloveniji smo v letu 2019 izgubili 18.146 telet do šestega meseca starosti, število vseh rojenih telet v letu 2019 pa je bilo nekaj več kot 160.000. Ugotovili smo, da se v Sloveniji odstotek poginulih telet med letoma 2014 in 2019 giblje med 10 in 12 %. V diplomski nalogi smo želeli prikazati nekaj načinov, kako izboljšati preživetveno sposobnost telet in kako zmanjšati izgube telet v prvem letu starosti. Največji problem pri teletih prestavljajo driske in pljučnice. Do napak prihaja predvsem pri ravnanju in negi telet po rojstvu. Moker nastilj, nezadostna količina in slaba kakovost mleziva, umazanija na napajalnih napravah, slaba higiena mleziva, napačna namestitev napajalne naprave, uveljavitev rutine krmljenja, previsoka vlažnost hleva in prenizka ali previsoka temperatura okolja v hlevu, so le nekateri izmed vzrokov za izgube telet. Vzroke za izgube telet smo v tej diplomski nalogi podrobneje proučili in predstavili protokol vzreje telet od rojstva do 1. leta starosti. Predstavili smo tudi krmljenje krav v obdobju presušitve, saj to tudi lahko vpliva na boljšo preživetveno sposobnost telet ob rojstvu in v kasnejšem obdobju vzreje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: živinoreja, govedo, teleta, preživetvena sposobnost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-126355
• COBISS.SI-ID: 60167427
• Publication date in RUL: 18.04.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Ways to improve viability of calves

Abstract

Based on a review of the literature, we find that calf viability is an increasing problem in Slovenia as well as in the rest of the world. In Slovenia, we lost 18,146 calves up to six months of age in 2019, and the number of all calves born in 2019 was just over 160,000. We found that in Slovenia, the percentage of dead calves between 2014 and 2019 was between 10 and 12%. In this paper we wanted to show some ways to improve calf viability and reduce calf loss in the first year of life. The biggest problem in calves is diarrhea and pneumonia. Mistakes usually occur in the handling and care of calves after birth. Wet bedding, inadequate quantity and poor quality of colostrum, dirty water systems, poor colostrum hygiene, improper installation of feeders, enforcement of feeding routines, excessive humidity in the barn, and too low or too high temperature in the barn are some of the causes of calf losses. In this thesis, the causes of calf losses were investigated in more detail and the protocol of calf rearing from birth to 1 year of age was presented. In addition, the feeding of cows during the dry period was presented, as this can also influence the better survivability of calves at birth and in the later rearing period.

• Keywords: animal breeding, cattle, calves, viability