Delovno in socialnopravni položaj samozaposlenih v kulturi : diplomsko delo

Babić, Nataša (avtor), Franca, Valentina (mentor)

Zaposlovanje v kulturnem sektorju se je v Sloveniji spreminjalo nekoliko drugače kot v ostalih sektorjih, kjer prevladuje standardna oblika zaposlitve. Za izvajanje kulturne dejavnosti so pri nas in drugod po svetu značilne nestandardne oblike opravljanja dela, npr. samozaposlitev ali delo po avtorski pogodbi, ki za delodajalce pomenijo večjo fleksibilnost in manjšo obveznost z vidika delavskih pravic. Kljub zavezi v Resoluciji o nacionalnem programu za kulturo 2014–2018, kjer si je država močno prizadevala za povečanje število zaposlenih kulturnikov, se število samozaposlenih vsako leto veča. Kljub raznim spodbudam za samozaposlovanje in plačilu socialnih prispevkov s strani države pa samozaposleni v kulturi opozarjajo na neustreznost aktualnih podpor in zelo slabo zastavljene kriterije za doseganje izjemnosti, ki jo morajo dosegati za pridobitev pravice do plačila socialnih prispevkov. Številne druge pomanjkljivosti pa so pokazale tudi mnoge analize na temo ekonomskega in socialnega položaja samozaposlenih v kulturi. Vsebina diplomskega dela je skozi analizo pravnih in sekundarnih virov osredotočena na delovno in socialnopravni položaj samozaposlenih v kulturi, prav tako pa je nekaj pozornosti namenjene tudi ostalim svobodnim poklicem in pravni ureditvi njihovega opravljanja dejavnosti. Pri tem je podrobneje predstavljeno stanje novinarjev, saj imajo za svoje delo podpisano kolektivno pogodbo, ki bi jo v prihodnosti za svoje delo lahko podpisali tudi kulturniki. Z vidika socialne varnosti je še vedno zelo problematično, da so samozaposleni močno odvisni od pomoči države, aktualne raziskave pa so pokazale, da je korona kriza še poslabšala njihovo ekonomsko in socialno stanje. Delo samozaposlenih pa ne obsega samo umetniškega ustvarjanja, ki se nanaša na eno vrsto umetnosti, ampak tudi razna administrativna opravila, kar posledično privede do preseganja delovnega časa zaposlenih. To jih postavlja v precej slabši položaj v primerjavi z zaposlenimi kulturniki, razen če si te pravice omogočijo sami.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: kultura, kulturna dejavnost, samozaposleni v kulturi, socialnopravni položaj, delovnopravni položaj, svobodni poklici, novinarji
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: FU - Fakulteta za upravo
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [N. Babić]
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: IX, 56 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-125584
• UDK: 331.102.12-057.13
• COBISS.SI-ID: 58466819
• Datum objave v RUL: 26.03.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Labour law and social security law status of self-employed artists

Izvleček

Cultural sector and employment within it has changed differently than other sectors in Slovenia, like manufacture sector where a standard type of employment is most common. For the implementation of cultural activities, non-standard forms of employment, e.g. self-employment or work under a copyright contract are common in Slovenia and also in other parts of the world. Which give the employer more flexibility and less obligations from the labour law view. Despite the commitment in the 2014-2017 Resolution on the National Programme for Culture, where the government made large efforts in increasing the numbers of employed artist and cultural workers, the number of self-employed artist are still increasing every year, accordin to the data from Ministry of Culture. Despite various financial aids for self-emplyment and the right to payed social security contributions, there are still problems in their line of work. The self-employed cultural workers have been pointing out the inadequacy of the current state given supports and a very poorly set criteria for their achievements, which they have to met, in order for them to recieve the support. Many other inadequacies were also shown by the many analyzes made on the topic of the self-employed cultural workers. The topic of this paper focuses around self-employed cultural artists and through the analysis of legal and secundary sources, presents their labour and social status in Slovenia. Some attention is also given to other freelancer professions and their legal regulation, where the situation of journalists is presented in more detail, because they have signed a collective agreement for their work, which in the future could also be signed for the work of all cultural workers. From a social security point of view, there is still a widespread problem in which the self-employed are heavily dependent on state given support, and current research has shown that the corona crisis has only worsened their economic and social situation. The work of the self-employed includes not only artistic creation related to one type of art, but also various administrative tasks, which consequently leads to exceeding the working hours of employees, which puts them in a less favourable situation in comparison with the employed workers, except if he doesn't provide these rights by himself.

• Ključne besede: culture, cultural activities, self-employed artists, social status, labour law status, freelancers, journalists