Norme neposredne uporabe v mednarodnem zasebnem pravu

Brinovec, Urša (author), Kramberger Škerl, Jerca (mentor)

Pri ugotavljanju, katero pravo se uporablja za razmerje z mednarodnim elementom, je potrebno upoštevati vrsto prisilnih določb. Poleg kolizijskopravnih pravil je potrebno upoštevati tudi določbe, ki neposredno urejajo pravna razmerja. Norme neposredne uporabe kot ene izmed njih predstavljajo kontroverzno problematiko mednarodnega zasebnega prava. Težave se pojavijo že pri samem poimenovanju in namenu, ki ga lahko sicer po prevladujočem stališču opredelimo kot varstvo javnega interesa oziroma interesa države. Gre za posebno vrsto prisilnih določb, ki v sebi skrivajo politični naboj - države preko njih varujejo javni red. Njihova bistvena lastnost je, da se uporabijo ne glede na pravo, na katero napotujejo splošna kolizijska pravila. To lahko vodi tudi v uporabo določb prava, ki ni niti lex fori niti lex causae, vendar so bistvenega pomena za neko drugo državo. Zaradi odprtosti pojma in njegove nedorečenosti je norme neposredne uporabe težko urediti na zakonodajni ravni, kar daje večji pomen pravni doktrini in sodni praksi. Namen magistrske naloge je opredeliti pojem norme neposredne uporabe z več vidikov. V okviru zgodovinskega razvoja tega pojma so predstavljena ključna stališča pravne doktrine, ki se je razvila v 19. in 20. stoletju. Predstavljene so temeljne značilnosti, kategorije, razmerje do javnega prava in stališča, ki si nasprotujejo glede samih temeljev norm neposredne uporabe. Pojem je za Slovenijo zaradi pomanjkanja nacionalne ureditve pomemben predvsem z vidika evropskega prava. Predstavljena je njegova ureditev v pravnih aktih, kot so Rimska konvencija, Uredba Rim I in Uredba Rim II, ki nam skupaj s primeri iz sodne prakse pomagajo odgovoriti vsaj na nekatera izmed odprtih vprašanj.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: norme neposredne uporabe, prevladujoče obvezne določbe, prisilne določbe, Rimska konvencija o pravu, ki se uporablja za pogodbena razmerja, Uredba Rim I, Uredba Rim II, javni red, javni interes, kolizijska pravila, neposredno urejanje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-125496
• COBISS.SI-ID: 59769091
• Publication date in RUL: 19.03.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Overriding mandatory provisions in Private International Law

Abstract

In determining the law applicable to the relationships involving foreign elements, a number of specific mandatory provisions shall be taken into account. In addition to the conflict-of-laws rules, also the existence of the provisions that directly regulate legal relationships shall be considered. Overriding mandatory provisions as one of them represent a controversial issue of International Private Law. Obstacles arise at the very beginning when it comes to the right expression and purpose of the provisions, however, according to the prevailing opinion the latter could be defined as the protection of the public or state's interest. They represent a special type of mandatory provisions that conceal a political charge – states safeguard public order through them. Their crucial feature is that they must be applied irrespective of the law designated in accordance with the general conflict-of-laws rules. This might lead to the application of the provisions which are neither a lex fori nor a lex causae and which are of crucial interest for another state. Due to the openness of the term and its vagueness, overriding mandatory provisions are hard to regulate on the legislative level, therefore, the legal doctrine and case law are of high importance. The purpose of this Master Thesis is to address the overriding mandatory provisions from different aspects. As to the historical development of the concept, the key opinions of the legal doctrine in the 19th and 20th centuries are presented. Additionally, the fundamental characteristics, categories, their relationship to the public law, and conflicting opinions on the foundations of the concept are portrayed. Due to the lack of national regulation in Slovenia the concept is relevant from the European Law perspective. Therefore, regulation resulting from the Rome Convention on the law applicable to the contractual obligations, Rome I Regulation, and Rome II Regulation is presented. Together with the case law, the legislation helps us to solve at least some of the open questions.

• Keywords: directly applicable rules, overriding mandatory provisions, mandatory rules, Rome convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, Rome I Regulation, Rome II Regulation, public policy, public interest, conflict of laws, direct application