Etični vidik odnosa zaposlenih v domovih starejših občanov do starostnikov z demenco : diplomsko delo

Tanasković, Sladjana (author), Thaler, Darja (mentor), Ovijač, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Demenca je v današnjem svetu zelo pogosta bolezen med starejšimi, ki se kaže kot upad kognitivnih funkcij. Starostniki imajo posledično težave z izvajanjem vseh temeljnih življenjskih aktivnosti, med drugim tudi s komunikacijo. Zaradi napredovanja bolezni potrebujejo dementni starostniki sprva pomoč bližnjih, z napredovanjem bolezni pa tudi oskrbo v institucionalnem varstvu. Zaradi otežene komunikacije se posledično zdravstveni delavci velikokrat znajdejo v težavah, ki jih morajo rešiti etično korektno, pri čimer se opirajo na kodeks etike, znanje, kompetence in svojo vest. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti demenco in etični vidik oskrbe dementnih in etične dileme, s katerimi se srečujejo medicinske sestre. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi dela. S pomočjo strokovne literature (knjig in strokovnih ter znanstvenih člankov) je predstavljena naslovna problematika. Na podlagi najdenih raziskav prek iskalnika DiKUL in baze Obzornik zdravstvene nege v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku je predstavljen etični vidik oskrbe dementnih starostnikov. Rezultati: Raziskave v slovenskem prostoru kažejo, da je najbolj razširjen model obravnave celostni pristop in trije modeli bivanja v domovih za starejše. Raziskava o znanju med zdravstvenimi delavci je pokazala, da je dosežena raven znanja o demenci povprečna in da je udeležba na izobraževanjih nizka. Razprava in zaključek: Poleg celostnega modela je poznanih še veliko modelov oskrbe dementnih starostnikov. Vsak model izpostavlja določene prednosti oskrbe in ima drugačen pristop. Literatura izpostavlja kar nekaj etičnih dilem, ki se tičejo obvladovanja bolečine, dostojanstva ob koncu življenja in evtanaziji, avtonomnosti, komunikacije, uporabe prisile ter fizičnega in medikamentoznega oviranja, pomanjkanja znanja in posledično slabše kakovosti zdravstvene nege in slabe organizacije dela, zaradi česar se zdravstveni delavci srečujejo s še več etičnimi problemi. Največji poudarek je treba dati na izobraževanje zaposlenih s področja demence in geriatrije ter obnavljanje znanja etike. S tem bodo zdravstveni delavci podkrepljeni z znanjem in bodo nudili bolj kakovostno zdravstveno nego in lažje reševali etične dileme in vprašanja, pred katera bodo postavljeni.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, demenca, etika, dom starejših občanov, odnos medicinske sestre do starejših
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [S. Tanasković]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 27 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-125472
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 55712259
• Publication date in RUL: 18.03.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Ethical view of employees attitude towards eldery with dementia in nursing homes : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In today's world, dementia is a very common disease among the elderly, and it manifests in the deterioration of cognitive functions. Consequently, the elderly have problems performing all basic activities, including communication. At first elderly need help of relatives and with progress of disease also care in nursing home. Due to communication difficulties, healthcare workers mostly face problems, which they must solve ethically by considering the code of ethics as well as their knowledge, competence and conscience. Aim: The aim of the paper is to present dementia, the ethical aspect of treating people suffering from dementia and ethical dilemmas which nurses face in these situations. Work methods: The paper is based on a descriptive work method. By reviewing academic literature (publications as well as professional and scientific articles), we present the studied topic. Based on the studies, found through the DiKUL database and the Slovenian Nursing Review base in Slovene and English, we present the ethical aspect of treating the elderly with dementia. Results: Slovene studies showed that the most prevalent model of treatment is the comprehensive approach and three models of staying in a nursing home. The research on knowledge displayed by healthcare workers showed that the level of acquired knowledge on dementia is average and that attendance at educational courses is low. Discussion and conclusion: In addition to the comprehensive model, many other models on treating the elderly with dementia have gained ground. Each model has certain advantages of treatment and adopts a different approach. The studied literature presents several ethical dilemmas, concerning pain management, dignity at the end of one's life, euthanasia, independence, communication, coercion, the use of physical and medical obstruction, the lack of knowledge and, as a result, low-quality healthcare and ineffective work organisation, which present even more ethical challenges to healthcare workers. The greatest emphasis must be put on training of personnel, working in the field of dementia and geriatrics, and recurrent training on ethics. As a result, educated healthcare workers will provide more quality healthcare and solve ethical dilemmas they face more easily.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, dementia, ethics, nursing home, attitude of a nurse towards the elderly