Učinkovitost vadbe funkcijskih nalog za ravnotežje pri pacientih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Brajič, Maša (author), Puh, Urška (mentor), Lipovšek, Tjaša (comentor), Rugelj, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Parkinsonova bolezen je progresivna nevrodegenerativna bolezen, ki privede do postopnega upada motoričnih funkcij. Napredovanje bolezni privede do slabšega ravnotežja, hoje in posledično do padcev. Z vadbo funkcijskih nalog za ravnotežje naj bi pripomogli k izboljšanju motoričnih simptomov, ravnotežja in hoje pacientov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Namen: Na podlagi pregleda literature ugotoviti učinkovitost vadbe funkcijskih nalog za ravnotežje pri pacientih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih zbirkah Pubmed in PEDro. Iskanje je zajelo raziskave, objavljene do vključno septembra 2020. Vključeni so bili le randomizirani kontrolirani poskusi. Izključene so bile raziskave, ki so vključevale vadbo za ravnotežje z uporabo naprav ali vadbo, pridruženo drugim oblikam vadbe, in raziskave, ocenjene po lestvici PEDro z manj kot 4. Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih sedem raziskav. Skupno je v njih sodelovalo 499 pacientov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Vadbeni programi so vključevali funkcijske vaje za ravnotežje. Trajali so od pet do deset tednov, vadba je bila izvedena dvakrat do trikrat na teden po 45−60 minut. Ugotovili smo, da je pri pacientih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo vadba funkcijskih nalog za ravnotežje učinkovitejša za izboljšanje ravnotežja kot splošna vadba za gibljivost in koordinacijo, poučevanje pacientov ali odsotnost kakršnekoli obravnave. V primerjavi z vadbo proti uporu so si ugotovitve raziskav nasprotujoče. Z vadbo funkcijskih nalog za ravnotežje lahko izboljšamo tudi premičnost in funkcionalno neodvisnost, zaupanje v ravnotežje in zmanjšamo pogostost padcev. Ugotovili smo tudi, da so pacienti bolj motivirani, če vadba poteka pod nadzorom fizioterapevta. Razprava in zaključek: Vadba funkcijskih nalog za ravnotežje je ustrezen in učinkovit fizioterapevtski postopek za izboljšanje ravnotežja in premičnosti pacientov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Njeni učinki se prenesejo tudi na dejavnosti vsakodnevnega življenja. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave, ki bi vključile paciente s kognitivnimi okvarami in višjo stopnjo Parkinsonove bolezni.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, Parkinsonova bolezen, ravnotežje, vadba
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Brajič]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 28 str., [8] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-125406
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 55143427
• Publication date in RUL: 14.03.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effect of functional balance training in patients with Parkinson´s disease - pregled literature : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to a gradual decline in motor functions. Progression of the disease can lead to a decline in balance, walking and consequently to falls. Functional balance training may improve motor simptoms, balance and walking in patients with Parkinson´s disease. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness of functional balance training in patients with Parkinson´s disease. Methods: The literature was searched in the Pubmed and PEDro databases. The search included randomized controlled trials published until September 2020. We did not include studies with the use of devices, or any other forms of exercises, except functional balance training. Also all randomized controlled trials, which were assessed with a PEDro scale 3 or less, were excluded. Results: Seven studies were included in the review. A total of 499 patients with Parkinson´s disease were included in the studies. Functional balance training programmes lasted from five to ten weeks, with two to three sessions per week. Individual sessions lasted 45−60 minutes. Functional balance training program was found to be more effective than programs of exercise for mobility and coordination or placebo. Compared to resistance training, the findings of the studies were contradictory. Functional balance training improved balance, mobility, and functional independence, confidence in balance and reduced the frequency of falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We also found that patients were more motivated if the physiotherapist was present during functional balance training. Discussion and conclusion: Functional balance training without the use of devices is an appropriate and effective physiotherapy procedure that improves balance and mobility of patients with Parkinson’s disease. The effects of functional balance training are transferred to the activities of daily living. Further studies including patients with cognitive impairment and a higher rate of Parkinson´s disease are necessary.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, Parkinson´s disease, balance, training