Odziv sorojencev v predšolskem obdobju na rojstvo novorojenca : diplomsko delo

Povšnar, Tjaša (avtor), Skubic, Metka (mentor), Stanek Zidarič, Tita (recenzent)

Uvod: Kar 80 % vseh otrok na svetu ima vsaj enega sorojenca. Predvsem prvorojenci le te dobijo v prvih šestih letih življenja. Rojstvo novorojenca je pomemben dogodek za vse družinske člane, tudi sorojence. Slednji se na novico o novem družinskem članu lahko odzovejo pozitivno ali negativno, na sam odziv pa vplivajo različni dejavniki, med njimi tudi otrokov spol, starost, razvojna stopnja, položaj v družini in osebnost. Za spodbujanje pozitivnega odziva in odnosa s strani starejših otrok je ključnega pomena priprava le teh. Prav tako je pomembno, da se po rojstvu novorojenca ohrani čim večji del rutine, ki so jo vajeni starejši otroci. Za sorojence je namreč že dovolj težavno to, da morajo pozornost svojih staršev in ljubljenih oseb deliti z novo osebo. Namen: V diplomskem delu želimo raziskati, kako priprava, spol, starost in položaj v družini vplivajo na odziv sorojencev ob rojstvu novorojenca ter poiskati najboljše načine za pripravo starejših otrok na vlogo sorojencev. Metode dela: V prvem delu smo uporabili kvalitativno metodo pregleda literature, pri čemer smo le to iskali v različnih spletnih bazah: PubMed, Medline, Google Učenjak in COBISS. Iskali smo literaturo v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. V drugem delu diplomske naloge pa smo uporabili kvalitativno metodo polstrukturiranih intervjujev. Izvedli smo 12 intervjujev s starši dveh ali več otrok. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da se starši priprave sorojencev lotijo na različne načine. S pomočjo slikanic, lutke dojenčka in pogovorov, otroke pa vključujejo tudi v pripravo stvari za novorojenca. Nekateri svojim otrokom omogočijo obisk v času hospitalizacije mamice po porodu, drugi ne. Ugotovili smo, da na odziv pomembno vplivajo starost, položaj otroka v družini ter njegov in novorojenčev spol. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da je za sorojenca najbolje, da za nosečnost izve od svojih staršev in sicer po koncu prvega tromesečja. Za sorojence je sama priprava izredno pomembna, hkrati pa je pomembno, da se velikih sprememb ne uvaja v času rojstva ali tik po njem, saj pri otroku lahko to vzbudi negativna čustva. Ljubosumje in odklonilno vedenje je bolj značilno pri tistih sorojencih, katerim se rodi novorojenec nasprotnega spola, pri prvorojencih in tistih, ki so ob rojstvu novega družinskega člana stari od dve do štiri leta.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, babištvo, rojstvo, priprava sorojenca, nov družinski član, družina, odnos med družinskimi člani
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [T. Povšnar]
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: 44 str., [2] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-125217
• UDK: 618.2/.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 54162947
• Datum objave v RUL: 07.03.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The response of preschool children to the birth of a sibling : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Of all the children in the world as many as 80% of them have at least one sibling. Firstborns predominantly get a sibling in the first six years of their lives. The birth of a newborn is a significant event for the whole family, even the siblings. Latter can respond to the news of the arrival of a new baby in a positive or negative way. The response itself, depends on different factors: the child’s gender, age, developmental phase, position in the family (i.e., birth order) and personality. The preparation of the older child plays a key role for the encouragement of their positive response to the newborn and the relationship between them. Keeping the routine that the child is used to in place is also important. It is already hard enough for them to share the attention of parents and loved ones with a new person. Purpose: In this paper we wish to research how the preparation, gender, age and position in the family influence the response of the child to the birth of a new baby, and to find the best method for the preparation of older siblings for the role of a new born. Methods: In the first part of the research we used the qualitative method of analysing the scientific writings found in different databases: PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and COBISS. The search was carried out in Slovenian and English language. In the second part, we used the qualitative method of semi-structured interviews. We conducted twelve interviews with parents of two or more children. Results: We found that parents tackle the preparation of siblings in different manners - with the help of picture books, dolls and talks, they sometimes also include children into the set-up of the nursery. Some let the children visit them in the hospitalisation period, some do not. We found that the response of the sibling is significantly influenced by the age, the position in the family, and the gender of the child as well as the newborn. Discussion and conclusion: We found that it is best for the child to learn about the pregnancy from their parents at the end of the first trimester. The preparation is highly important. Not implementing big changes in the time of birth or right after is also of great value. Inversely, negative feelings can awake in the older child. Jealousy and unfavourable behaviour are most common with the children whose younger sibling is of the opposite gender, with first-borns and with those who are aged two to four years in the time of birth of the newborn.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, midwifery, birth, preparation of the sibling, new family member, family, interfamiliar relationships.