Varnost elektronskih nikotinskih dostavnih sistemov in sistemov za segrevanje tobaka

Zorko, Lucija (author), Peterlin Mašič, Lucija (mentor)

Uvod: Cigaretni dim vsebuje nikotin in številne škodljive kemične snovi. Elektronske cigarete in izdelki s tobakom za segrevanje so novejši alternativni izdelki klasičnim cigaretam, ki pa s stališča varnosti še niso popolnoma raziskani. Namen: Namen naloge je pregledati in ovrednotiti ustrezne znanstvene raziskave, ki so bile narejene na področju varnosti tako elektronskih cigaret kot izdelkov s tobakom za segrevanje. Namen je tudi proučiti sestavine, ki jih vsebujejo in spojine, ki nastanejo med segrevanjem. Cilj naloge je oceniti varnost elektronskih cigaret in izdelkov s tobakom za segrevanje. Metode: V podatkovni zbirki PubMed smo naredili pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature s področja elektronskih cigaret in izdelkov s tobakom za segrevanje. Članke smo iskali z iskalnim profilom: »Electronic AND Cigarettes AND (toxicology OR toxic OR side effects)« in »iQOS« OR »heat AND not AND burn OR cigarettes«. Z omejitvami: raziskave, izvedene na ljudeh in živalih, pregledni članki, sistematični članki in metaanalize v obdobju 2013–2020. Rezultati in razprava: Raziskali smo sestavo elektronskih cigaret in spojin, ki nastanejo pri segrevanju, saj je varnost le-teh pri segrevanju in vdihavanju vprašljiva. Tekočine za elektronske cigarete vsebujejo nikotin, arome, glicerol in propilen glikol. Pri segrevanju nastajajo aldehidi, ki povzročajo neželene učinke na človeški organizem (draženje oči, kože, dihal …). Elektronske cigarete vsebujejo tudi nitrosamine, kovine in polkovine, vendar je vsebnost le-teh v večini nižja kot pri običajni cigreti. Tudi sistemi s tobakom za segrevanje predstavljajo določeno tveganje za zdravje, kljub temu, da je ameriški vladni urad za prehrano in zdravila (FDA) odobril, da se lahko z uporabo zmanjša izpostavljenost škodljivim kemičnim snovem. Del magistrske predstavlja tudi anketa med uporabniki družbenih omrežij s katero smo ugotovili, da se v večini anketiranci zavedajo določenih tveganj za zdravje in si želijo več informacij na tem področju. Sklepi: Elektronske cigarete in sistemi s tobakom za segrevanje vsebujejo manj strupenih snovi kot običajne cigarete, vendar kljub temu predstavljajo določeno tveganje za zdravje in imajo prednosti v primerjavi z običajnim kajenjem.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: elektronske cigarete, iQOS, sistemi za segrevanje tobaka, nikotin, kajenje, varnost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-124777
• Publication date in RUL: 17.02.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Safety of electronic nicotine delivery systems and tobacco heating systems

Abstract

Introduction: Cigarette smoke contains nicotine and many harmful chemicals. Electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products are new alternative to classic cigarettes, and have not yet been fully researched from a safety point of view. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to present a review and evaluate the relevant scientific research that has been done in the field of safety of both electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products. The aim of the thesis is also to study the ingredients contained in these products and the compounds formed during heating and to assess the safety of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products. Methods: In the PubMed database, we reviewed the scientific and professional literature in the field of electronic cigarettes and tobacco products for heating. We searched for articles with the following search profile: “Electronic AND Cigarettes AND (toxicology OR toxic OR side effects)” and “iQOS” OR “heat AND not AND burn OR cigarettes”. «And with limitations: research conducted on humans and animals, review articles, systematic articles and meta-analyzes in the period 2013–2020. Results and discussion: We investigated the composition of electronic cigarettes and compounds formed during heating, as their safety during heating and inhalation is questionable. Liquids for e-cigarettes contain nicotine, flavorings, glycerol and propylene glycol. When heated, aldehydes are formed, which cause side effects on the human body (irritation of the eyes, skin, respiratory tract ect.). Electronic cigarettes also contain nitrosamines, metals and semi-metals, but their content is mostly lower than that of a regular cigarette. Heating tobacco systems also pose a certain health risk, despite approval by the U.S. Government Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that exposure to harmful chemicals can be reduced through use of iQOS. Part of the thesis is also a survey among users of social networks, with which we found that most respondents are aware of certain health risks and want more information in this area. Conclusions: Electronic cigarettes and heating tobacco systems contain fewer toxic substances than conventional cigarettes, but nevertheless pose a certain health risk and have advantages over conventional smoking.

• Keywords: electronic cigarettes, iQOS, tobacco heating systems, nicotine, smoking, safety