Prevalenca in dejavniki tveganja za nastanek mišično-skeletnih obolenj pri pisarniških delavcih v dveh slovenskih podjetjih : diplomsko delo

Vesenjak, Lucija (author), Marušič, Vita (mentor), Plemelj Mohorič, Alenka (reviewer)

Uvod: Vse večja uporaba računalnikov predstavlja tveganje za zdravje in lahko povzroči nastanek z delom povezanih obolenj. Glavni dejavniki tveganja za nastanek mišično-skeletnih obolenj zgornjega uda so fizična obremenitev, organizacija dela, psihosocialni dejavniki in duševni stres ter individualni dejavniki. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil prevesti Maastrichtski vprašalnik za zgornji ud v slovenski jezik in oceniti zanesljivost prevoda, oceniti prevalenco mišično-skeletnih obolenj roke, vratu in/ali rame pri pisarniških delavcih v dveh slovenskih podjetjih ter analizirati povezavo med mišično-skeletnimi obolenji in dejavniki tveganja za nastanek le-teh obolenj pri pisarniških delavcih. Metode dela: Maastrichtski vprašalnik za zgornji ud smo prevedli v slovenski jezik ter oblikovali spletno verzijo vprašalnika. Vprašalnik smo poslali zaposlenim v dveh slovenskih podjetjih, ki pri svojem delu uporabljajo računalnik. Vzorec sodelujočih je bil priložnosten po kriteriju dosegljivosti in pripravljenosti na sodelovanje. V kvantitativno obdelavo podatkov smo vključili 102 v celoti rešena vprašalnika. Rezultati: Prevalenca vsaj en teden trajajočih mišično-skeletnih obolenj zgornjega uda v preteklem letu je znašala 59,8 %. Najpogosteje so bila navedena obolenja vratu s prevalenco 41,2 %. Obolenja so bila na vseh področjih zgornjega uda pogostejša pri ženskah kot pri moških. S pomočjo eksplorativne faktorske analize smo dobili 13 faktorjev (položaj računalnika, pisarniška oprema, položaj glave in trupa, neudoben položaj telesa, možnost odločanja, uporaba spretnosti, zahtevnost dela, časovni pritisk, avtonomija pri načrtovanju odmorov, raznolikost dela, kvaliteta zraka in hrup, kvaliteta svetlobe in temperatura, dinamika dela). Izračunani Cronbachovi koeficienti alfa in vrednosti popravljenih korelacij posameznih postavk so pokazali, da so posamezne lestvice zanesljive. Spearmanovi in Pearsonovi koeficienti korelacije so pokazali 12 povezav med posameznimi faktorji in področji zgornjega uda. Razprava in zaključek: Zaključili smo, da je vprašalnik zanesljiv in primeren za uporabo v praksi. Prevalenca mišično-skeletnih obolenj zgornjega uda v dveh slovenskih podjetjih je primerljiva z drugimi državami razvitega sveta. Naše ugotovitve o povezavah med dejavniki tveganja in obolenji se nekoliko razlikujejo od ugotovitev drugih raziskav. Za boljše razumevanje medsebojnega vpliva dejavnikov na pojav obolenj, bi bilo potrebno izvesti longitudinalno študijo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, mišično-skeletna obolenja zgornjega uda, dejavniki tveganja, MUEQ, pisarniško delo, ergonomija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Vesenjak]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 37 str., [11] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-124524
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 49221379
• Publication date in RUL: 29.01.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Prevalence and risk factors for development of musculoskeletal disorders among office workers in two Slovenian companies : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Increasing use of computers presents a health risk and can cause work-related diseases. The main risk factors for onset of upper extremity musculoskeletal diseases of are physical load, work organization, psychosocial factors and mental stress and individual factors. Purpose: The purpose of our diploma work was to translate the Maastricht upper extremity questionnaire into Slovenian language and assess the validity of translation, assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases of arm, neck and/or shoulder in computer workers at two Slovenian companies and analyse the correlation between musculoskeletal diseases and computer work related risk factors for latter. Methods: We have translated the Maastricht upper extremity questionnaire into Slovenian language and created an online version of it. The questionnaire has been sent to computer workers in two Slovenian companies. Study population has been selected using convenience sampling considering availability and willingness to participate. For quantitative data analysis we have used 102 completely fulfilled questionnaires. Results: Prevalence rate of musculoskeletal diseases over the past twelve months that lasted for at least one week was 59,8 %. The most frequently reported were neck complaints with prevalence of 41,2 %. The complaints were more frequent in females than males in all upper extremity anatomical areas. Using exploratory factor analysis, we have extracted 13 factors (computer position, office equipment, head and body posture, uncomfortable body posture, decision authority, skill discretion, task complexity, time pressure, break time autonomy, work variability, air quality and noise, quality of light and temperature, work dynamics). Calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficients and corrected item-total correlations have proved validity of sub scales. Spearman's and Pearson's correlation coefficients have shown 12 correlations among individual factors and upper extremity areas. Discussion and conclusion: We have concluded that the questionnaire is reliable and appropriate for use in practice. The prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases of upper extremity in two Slovenian companies is comparable with other developed countries. Our findings regarding connections between risk factors and diseases slightly differ from findings in other researches. For a better understanding of disease occurrence as a consequence of factor interactions, a longitudinal study should be conducted.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, upper extremity musculoskeletal diseases, risk factors, MUEQ, office work, ergonomics