Primerjava deontične modalnosti v vzporednih slovenskih in angleških normativnih pravnih besedilih

Jelovšek, Tjaša (author), Pisanski Peterlin, Agnes (mentor)

V magistrskem delu se ukvarjamo z deontično modalnostjo v vzporednih normativnih besedilih v slovenščini in angleščini. Raziskane so štiri hipoteze, in sicer i) za predpisovanje ravnanja so uporabljeni izključno izrazi deontične modalnosti, ii) analizirani deontični modalni izrazi so v vsaj 50 % primerov v prevodu izraženi z isto pripadajočo funkcijsko ustreznico, ki prav tako spada med izraze, ki so v tej raziskavi izpostavljeni kot pomembnejši, iii) glagola morati v slovenščini in must v angleščini sta vsak v svojem jeziku v izvirnikih in prevodih zastopana enako pogosto z odstopanjem do 10 % in iv) v analiziranih besedilih iz evropske zakonodaje ima vsak analizirani izraz deontične modalnosti, ne glede na jezik, v primerjavi s slovensko zakonodajo manj različnih prevodnih ustreznic. V prvem delu so predstavljeni modalnost in različni tipi modalnosti ter izbrani modalni izrazi v kontekstu treh tipov modalnosti, in sicer epistemične, deontične in dinamične. Nadalje so predstavljene značilnosti pravnih besedil in pravnega jezika ter slovenska in evropska zakonodaja in razmerja med njima. V drugem delu so predstavljeni rezultati korpusne analize normativnih pravnih besedil, analize smernic za normativna besedila ter intervju po elektronski pošti. Dvosmerni korpus s 600.000 besedami, uporabljen v analizi, obsega 40 pravnih besedil. Sestavljata ga dva dvojezična podkorpusa, in sicer podkorpus slovenske zakonodaje, ki vsebuje deset slovenskih zakonov v celoti v slovenščini in njihove prevode v angleščino, ter podkorpus evropske zakonodaje, ki vsebuje pet uredb, tri direktive, en sklep ter pogodbo med državami članicami v angleščini in prevode v slovenščino. Vsak pravni akt je analiziran dvojezično, primerja se izvirno besedilo in prevod. Iz korpusa so prenesene vse konkordance vsakega izmed izbranih modalnih izrazov, ki so nato ročno ovrednotene, pri čemer je vsaka konkordanca klasificirana kot deontična ali nedeontična ter primerjana s svojo prevodno ustreznico. Nadalje je analizirana tudi oblika izraza (zanikanje, pogojni naklon). Na koncu so izpostavljeni nepričakovani in zanimivi primeri ter možni razlogi za izbiro izraza pri prevajanju ali pisanju pravnega akta.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: deontična modalnost, korpusna analiza, slovenščina, angleščina, normativna pravna besedila, slovenska zakonodaja, zakonodaja EU
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-124445
• Publication date in RUL: 22.01.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: A comparison of deontic modality in parallel Slovene and English normative legal texts

Abstract

This master's thesis explores the use of deontic modal expressions in parallel normative legal texts in Slovene and English. It is based on four hypotheses: i) only deontic modal expressions are used for prescribing manners of conduct, ii) each deontic modal expression analysed is translated in the corresponding target text segment with a single functionally corresponding modal expression, which is for the purposes of this analysis also considered to be among the most important, in at least 50% of cases, iii) the verbs morati in Slovene and must in English are equally represented in the source text and its translation in the corresponding language with a maximum deviation of 10%, and iv) there are fewer equivalents used to express the meaning of the analysed deontic modal expression, both in the English as well as the Slovene version of European legislation in comparison to Slovene legislation. In the first part of this thesis, the concept of modality and its different classifications are outlined, and selected modal expressions are presented in the contexts of the three types of modality, i.e. epistemic, deontic and dynamic. Furthermore, the characteristics of legal texts and legal language are briefly addressed, and Slovene and European legislation and the relationship between them are presented. In the second part, the results of the corpus analysis of normative legal texts, analysis of style guides for normative texts and an interview study are presented. The 600,000-word bi-directional translation corpus used in the analysis contains 40 legal texts. The corpus consists of two parallel bilingual subcorpora: a subcorpus of Slovene legislation comprising ten Slovene laws in its entirety and their corresponding English translations, and a subcorpus of European legislation comprising five regulations, three directives, a decision and an international treaty in English and its Slovene translation. Each legal act is analysed in terms of selected deontic modal expressions, comparing the original text and its translation. Concordances for each selected modal expression are extracted from the corpus and evaluated manually, whereby each concordance is classified as deontic or non-deontic, and compared to its translation equivalent. In addition, the expressions are also analysed in terms of their form (negation, conditional). Finally, an attempt is made to account for the unexpected cases, and possible explanations for such choices in translating and writing legal acts are provided.

• Keywords: deontic modality, corpus analysis, Slovene, English, normative legal texts, Slovene legislation, EU legislation