Vključevanje ljudi, ki so se priselili v Šaleško dolino : magistrsko delo

Brežnik, Anja (author), Rihter, Liljana (mentor)

Že v času nastanka Premogovnika Velenje in tovarne gospodinjskih aparatov Gorenje se je v Šaleško dolino priseljevalo veliko število prebivalcev držav nekdanje republike Jugoslavije. Danes opažamo porast števila oseb, ki se v Šaleško dolino priseljujejo iz Albanije, Severne Makedonije in Kosova ter drugih tretjih držav izven Evropske unije. V magistrskem delu sem raziskala, na kakšen način se osebe, ki so se priselile v Šaleško dolino, vključujejo v novo okolje, kakšna je njihova zaposlitvena situacija, kako vključujejo svoje mladoletne otroke v sisteme vzgoje in izobraževanja, kakšne so njihove nastanitvene razmere in kako sprejete se počutijo v novem okolju. V prvem delu magistrskega dela se osredotočam na teoretično podlago o priseljevanju oseb iz tretjih držav. Posvetim se pregledu teorij migracij in razlogom za priseljevanje. Uvodnemu razmisleku o razlogih za preseljevanje sledi kratek zgodovinski pregled priseljevanja v Slovenijo po osamosvojitvi leta 1991. V teoretskem uvodu se posvetim pregledu zakonskega okvira na področju priseljevanja, ki zajema zakone in direktive sprejete na ravni Evropske Unije in znotraj Republike Slovenije. Sledi pregled pomena vključevanja oseb, ki so se priselile, v novo okolje, vzgojno-izobraževalne inštitucije ter razmislek o tem, kakšno vlogo ima pri vključevanju jezik, in o ovirah, kot so nestrpnost in diskriminacija, zaposlovanje in stanovanjska problematika, s katerimi se osebe, ki so se priselile, srečujejo v novem okolju. Ob koncu teoretičnega uvoda razmislim še o prispevku socialnega dela k delu z osebami, ki so se priselile, in najpomembnejših korakih, ki jih morajo upoštevati strokovni delavci in delavke, ki z osebami, ki so se priselile,sodelujejo. Teoretičnemu uvodu sledi predstavitev problema, ki je specifičen za Šaleško dolino in predstavitev uporabljene metodologije pri raziskovanju. Kvantitativna raziskava je bila opravljena na neslučajnostnem vzorcu 147 oseb, ki so se priselile v Šaleško dolino, v obdobju zadnjih desetih let. Sodelujoči v raziskavi so preko spletne ankete v sistemu 1ka.si in fizičnega izpolnjevanja anketnih vprašalnikov zaprtega tipa odgovorili na 45 anketnih vprašanj, ki so bila razdeljena v sedem tematskih sklopov. Anketni vprašalniki so bili za namen lažjega izpolnjevanja, poleg slovenskega jezika, prevedeni še v albanski jezik, makedonski jezik, bosanski jezik in angleški jezik. Pridobljeni podatki so bili analizirani kvantitativno s pomočjo programov Microsoft Office Excel ter IBM SPSS Statistics. Rezultati raziskave in pregleda teorije na temo oseb, ki so se priselile, so pokazali, da je med najpogostejšimi razlogi za priseljevanje v Šaleško dolino zaposlitev in združitev družine. Velik pomen pri priseljevanju posameznikov in družin na določeno območje ima socialna mreža oseb, ki so se priselile iz izvorne države teh posameznikov in družin, in že obstaja na tem območju. Takšna obstoječa socialna mreža predstavlja osebam, ki so se priselile, podporo in pomoč pri iskanju zaposlitve, nastanitve ter vključevanju v novo okolje. Med raziskovanjem sem prišla do ugotovitve, da ima velik pomen na večini področij vključevanja jezik. Pri učenju jezika je osebam, ki so se priselile, v pomoč udeležba na tečajih slovenskega jezika ter neformalno učenje jezika, oviro pa jim predstavljajo službene in družinske obveznosti. Prav tako je nepoznavanje jezika ovira pri vključevanju otrok oseb, ki so se priselile, v vzgojne in izobraževalne inštitucije. Otrokom, ki so se priselili, je v teh inštitucijah na voljo dodatno učenje slovenskega jezika, pojavlja pa se pomanjkanje prostora v inštitucijah, predvsem, kadar želijo starši otroka vključiti med šolskim letom, ter pomanjkanje kadra, ki bi skrbel za izvajanje učenja maternega jezika otrok, ki so se priselili, in medkulturno vzgojo in izobraževanje. Raziskava je pokazala, da ima večina oseb, ki so se priselile, delovno mesto dogovorjeno že pred priselitvijo, najpogosteje pa nastanitev najdejo v najemniških stanovanjih. Velik pomen za osebe, ki so se priselile, ima IKT, saj jim omogoča, da ohranjajo stike s socialno mrežo v izvorni državi. Osebe, ki so se priselile v Šaleško dolino, se srečujejo z verbalnim in fizičnim nasiljem, katerega ozadje je diskriminacija in ksenofobija.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: priseljevanje, integracija, ovire, multikulturnost, sprejetost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Brežnik]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-124434
• COBISS.SI-ID: 50444547
• Publication date in RUL: 21.01.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Integration of Immigrants in Šaleška Valley

Abstract

At the time of the establishment of the Velenje Coal Mine and the Gorenje household appliance factory, a large number of citizens of the countries of the former Republic of Yugoslavia immigrated to the Šaleška Valley. Today, we are seeing an increase in the number of people immigrating to the Šaleška Valley from Albania, North Macedonia and Kosovo, as well as other countries outside the European Union. In my master's thesis, I researched how people who immigrated to the Šaleška Valley integrate into the new environment, what is their employment situation, how do they include their minor children in education systems, what are their accommodation conditions and how accepted they feel in the new environment. In the first part of my master's thesis, I focus on the theoretical basis of immigration of people from third countries. I review theories of migrations and the reasons behind it. The introductory reflection on the reasons for migration is followed by a brief historical overview of immigration to Slovenia after Slovenian War of Independence in 1991. The theoretical introduction focuses on the legal framework in the field of immigration, which includes laws and directives adapted by the European Union and Slovenia. This is followed by an overview of the importance of integrating immigrants into the new environment, educational institutions and a reflection on the role of language in integration and issues such as intolerance and discrimination, employment and housing issues, immigrants face in a new environment. At the end of the theoretical introduction, I consider the contribution of social work to working with immigrants and the most important steps to be taken by professionals working with immigrants. The theoretical introduction is followed by a presentation of the problem, which is specific to the Šaleška valley, and a presentation of the methodology used in the research. Quantitative research was conducted on a non-random sample of 147 people who immigrated to the Šaleška Valley in the last ten years. The participants in the research answered 45 survey questions via an online survey in the 1ka.si system or the physical form of closed questionnaires. Questions were divided into seven thematic sections. In addition to the Slovene language, the questionnaires were translated into Albanian, Macedonian, Bosnian and English. The obtained data were analysed quantitatively using Microsoft Office Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics. The results of the research and review of the theory on the topic of immigrants showed, that employment and family reunification are among the most common reasons for immigration to the Šaleška Valley. Of great importance in the immigration of individuals and families to a certain area is the social network of persons who immigrated, from the country of origin, that already exists in the area. Such an existing social network provides support and assistance to immigrants in finding employment, accommodation and integration into the new environment. During my research, I came to the conclusion that language is of great importance in most aspects of integration. When learning a language, immigrants are supported to participate in Slovene language courses and informal language learning, while on the other hand, work and family obligations present obstaclesin this process. Additional learning courses of Slovene language are available to immigrant children in learning institutions, but there is a lack of space in these institutions, especially when parents want to include their children during the school year. There is also a lack of staff that is able to teach children's mother tongue and intercultural education. The survey showed that most immigrants have agreed workplace in the country of immigration before immigration, and most often they find accommodation in rented apartments. ICT is of great importance for immigrants, as it allows them to keep in touch with the social network in their country of origin. People who immigrated to the Šaleška Valley face verbal and physical violence, the background of which is discrimination and xenophobia.

• Keywords: immigration, integration, challenges, multiculturalism, acceptance