Terapevtska komunikacija v zdravstveni negi z odvisnimi od alkohola : diplomsko delo

Hrovat, Lea (author), Peterka Novak, Jožica (mentor), Zatković, Damjana (comentor), Mihelič Zajec, Andreja (reviewer)

Uvod: Zloraba alkohola in drugih substanc se povsod po svetu povečuje, vedno več je tudi bolezni, povezanih s škodljivo rabo alkohola. Da bi to zmanjšali, so potrebni ustrezni programi za zdravljenje in tudi strokovno usposobljeno osebje, ki je zaposleno oziroma deluje v teh programih ali oddelkih. Pri zdravljenju ima pomembno vlogo medicinska sestra, ki mora biti vešča terapevtske komunikacije in motiviranja pacienta, saj lahko le tako pridobi zaupanje osebe z odvisnostjo, posledično je tudi zdravljenje bolj kakovostno. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti pomen terapevtske komunikacije v zdravstveni negi pri osebah, odvisnih od alkohola. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo s kvalitativnim raziskovalnim pristopom. Za izdelavo diplomskega dela smo pregledali strokovno literaturo s področja terapevtske komunikacije v zdravstveni negi pri pacientih, odvisnih od alkohola. Literaturo smo iskali od januarja 2020 do marca 2020 v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, Medline, ScienceDirect in Cobib.si ter v iskalnikih Pub-Med, Google Učenjak in DiKul. Pomagali smo si tudi s spletnimi stranmi Ministrstva za zdravje in Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje. V raziskavo smo vključili 39 enot literature. Rezultati: Rezultati, pridobljeni s pregledom literature, kažejo, kako pomembna sta terapevtski odnos in kakovostna komunikacija med medicinsko sestro in pacientom, odvisnim od alkohola. Sindrom odvisnosti od alkohola je heterogena motnja z različnimi intenzivnostmi, zato ne govorimo samo o enem načinu zdravljenja, ki bi ustrezal vsakomur. Glavni cilj vseh oblik zdravljenja je usmerjanje k temu, da pacient funkcionira kot duševno zdrav človek. Razprava in zaključek: Multidisciplinarni in interdisciplinarni pristop v zdravstveni negi omogočata vključenost v psihoterapevtski program zdravljenja odvisnosti. Velik poudarek je na procesu terapevtske komunikacije, ki vključuje tudi motivacijske postopke, oba elementa pa sta naučeni terapevtski spretnosti. Zdravljenje in rehabilitacija naj bi temeljila na psihosocialnih intervencijah v različnih skupinah in društvih. Vse skupaj pa dokazano pripomore k večji uspešnosti in zadovoljstvu v življenju z abstinenco.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, medicinske sestre, zloraba alkohola, motivacijski postopki
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Hrovat]
• Year: 2020
• Number of pages: 34 str., [1] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-124314
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 47320579
• Publication date in RUL: 15.01.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Therapeutic communication in nursing with alcohol dependent patients : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Around the world, the abuse of alcohol and other substances is increasing; similarly, the diseases, related to alcohol abuse, are also more and more frequent. To improve the situation, special treatment programs are required, along with qualified and competent personnel, working in such programs or departments. An important part of the treatment is nurses, who have to be skilled in therapeutic communication and know how to motivate patients. In this way, they can earn the trust of dependent patients, which makes their treatment more effective. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to determine the importance of therapeutic communication in nursing care in alcohol-dependent patients. Methods: A descriptive method and a qualitative research approach will be used. We will study academic literature on therapeutic communication in nursing care in alcohol-dependent patients. The literature was found between January 2020 and March 2020 in the CINAHL, Medline, ScienceDirect and COBIB.SI databases and the Pub-Med, Google Scholar in DiKul search engines. The data were also obtained from the websites of the Ministry of the Interior and the National Institute of Public Health. 39 units of literature were included in the research. Results: The results obtained through the literature review demonstrate the importance of a therapeutic relationship and quality communication between the nurse and the alcohol-dependent patient. The alcohol dependence syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder of different intensities, so a single type of treatment cannot be suitable for everyone. The main goal of all types of treatment is to help patients function as sane individuals. Discussion and conclusion: A multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach to nursing care enables the inclusion in the psychotherapeutic dependence treatment program. A great emphasis is put on therapeutic communication, including motivational processes. It has been established that both approaches contribute to a greater success and satisfaction of patients leading an abstinent life.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, nurses, alcohol abuse, motivational processes