Introduction: Over the last decade, the proportion of caesareans has risen sharply worldwide. In Slovenia, the trend of cesarean sections increased from 7.3 % to 19.4 % between 1987 and 2011, and by 2019 it increased by another 2 %. According to the National Perinatal Information System, it’s currently around 21 %. The World Health Organization has issued guidelines on the proportion of cesarean sections, recommending that this proportion of cesarean sections should not exceed 10-15 % of all births. Vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean section is one of the strategies to reduce the proportion of cesarean sections. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to review domestic and foreign literature to determine suitable and unsuitable positions for vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean section, as this method of delivery is more common in recent years and requires special knowledge and experience of the midwife. We were interested which delivery positions are suitable for vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Methods: In the diploma work we used qualitative approach. In the first part of the diploma work, a descriptive method of work was used with a review of scientific, professional, domestic and foreign literature. In the empirical part, 5 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the midwives of the University Medical Center Maribor, Department of Perinatology. Results: Two interviewed midwives have been employed in the maternity ward for 39 years; the remaining three are with 7 to 15 years of experience. All midwives during this period already had more experience with midwives who gave birth vaginally after a previous cesarean section. One interviewed midwife also had a personal experience with such a birth. By analyzing the interviews, we obtained the following 5 categories: birth assessment, birth positions in the latent phase, birth positions in the active phase, birth positions in the second childbirth period, inappropriate birth positions. Discussion and conclusion: We found that midwives adhere to the recommendations for vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean section and the standards of their institution. No birth position is contraindicated, woman can choose a position that is comfortable for her, and the midwife tries to adapt to it if the condition of the woman and the fetus allows it. During the position, a continuous CTG recording must be provided to assess the condition of the fetus and on the basis of which they decide on further treatment. They mainly avoid back position because it can cause cave vein syndrome. They try to provide women with the right and sufficient information about childbirth positions so that the midwife can use them correctly and choose a position in which she can more easily endure the pain and breathe contractions. The diploma thesis summarizes the main recommendations regarding the management of vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean section, indications for cesarean section, contraindications for vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean section and pros and cons of the most common birth positions.
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