Introduction: Dental caries is the most common disease of the oral cavity. Dentists are faced daily with the dilemma of which prosthetic replacement will best care for a tooth that needs restoration due to caries. Will it be a direct filling or an indirect anchor? The decision is tied to the quantity, quality and shape of the remaining healthy tooth structure. Inlays or onlays are an alternative to fillings and are ideal for the care of moderately damaged teeth in the posterior part of the dental arch. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to present the fixed prosthetic care of cariously affected teeth with the production of ceramic and composite inlays and onlays in the dental laboratory. We want to describe the indications and contraindications and the advantages and disadvantages of each prosthetic replacement compared to direct fillings. Methods: We used a descriptive method in the theoretical part. We reviewed domestic and foreign existing literature in the field of laboratory dental prosthetics. In the practical part, we made composite and ceramic inlays and onlays. With this, we presented two different processes for making inlays and inlays from three different materials. Results: The manufacturing processes of ceramic and composite inlays and onlays with two manufacturing processes are presented. Composite inlays and onlays were first made with composite masses for indirect use by the light polymerization process. Then we made the composite onlay from a composite milling block. Ceramic inlays and onlays were made with CAD/CAM technology from monolithic zirconium oxide ceramics. Discussion and conclusion: With the introduction of newer manufacturing technologies and materials in the field of cosmetic dentistry such as newer composite resins and high-strength ceramics, the use of inlays and onlays is becoming desirable by patients and dentists. They are more time consuming and expensive compared to direct fillings, but they have more accurate proximal and occlusal contact points, are smoother, and seal better at the marginal edge. Manufacturing technologies are increasingly striving for computer CAD modeling and implementation with a CAM milling device.
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