Fenotipska in genetska opredelitev kranjske čebele (Apis mellifera carnica) na Gorenjskem in Dolenjskem.

Porenta, Tina (author), Dovč, Peter (mentor), Božič, Janko (comentor)

V zadnjih letih je dokaj živa diskusija o obstoju ekotipov kranjske čebele v različnih predelih Slovenije. Ker groba genotipizacija vzorcev iz različnih območij ni pokazala jasne strukturiranosti populacije, smo v tej nalogi združili fenotipsko in genetsko presojo dveh populacij, z Gorenjske in Dolenjske. Na izbranem materialu kranjske čebele smo poskušali dokazati razlike med populacijama. Za dokazovanje razlik med populacijama smo uporabili morfometrične metode, s sekvenciranjem odseka tRNAleu - cox2 mitohondrijske DNA smo določili haplotipe in populaciji primerjali na osnovi 19 mikrosatelitnih lokusov. Ugotovili smo, da se lokalno ohranjeni skupini z Dolenjske in Gorenjske razlikujeta v velikosti koškov, noge, pete in v radialni razdalji. Razlikujeta se tudi v krilnih kotih D7, G18 in K19. Najbolj uporabne lastnosti za iskanje razlik med skupinami so: dolžina golenice prve noge, površina koškov, dolžina zadnje noge in površina krila. Ugotovili smo značilno pozitivno korelacijo med dolžino zadnje noge z velikostjo golenice prve noge in velikostjo krila. V našem primeru je bilo razvidno, da kubitalni indeks ni najbolj uporabna lastnost za iskanje razlik med skupinami znotraj rase. Z analizo mitohondrijske DNA smo prišli do rezultata, da na Gorenjskem prevladuje mitohondrijski haplotip C2C in na Dolenjskem haplotip C2E. Analiza mikrosatelitnih lokusov je nakazala zmerno genetsko diferenciacijo med skupinama, največja distanca je med čebelami vzrejevalcev in čebelami lokalno ohranjene populacije z Gorenjske. Ločimo lahko ohranjene populacije in populacije pod vplivom človekove odbire. Vpliv je opazen tako pri morfoloških lastnostih kot pri mikrosatelitnih lokusih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kranjska čebela, Apis mellifera carnica, morfologija, mitohondrijska DNK, mikrosateliti, ekotip
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [T. Porenta]
• Year: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-122103
• UDC: 575.17:638.12:601.4:577.21:601.2:576.31(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 39560707
• Publication date in RUL: 21.11.2020

PORENTA, Tina, 2020, Fenotipska in genetska opredelitev kranjske čebele (Apis mellifera carnica) na Gorenjskem in Dolenjskem. [online]. Master’s thesis. T. Porenta. [Accessed 5 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=122103

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Fenotypic and genetic definition of carniolan bee (Apis mellifera carnica) in Gorenjska and Dolenjska

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a fairly lively discussion about the existence of Carniolan bee ecotypes in various parts of Slovenia. Since the rough genotyping of samples from different areas did not show a clear structure of the population, in this task we combined the phenotypic and genetic assessment of two populations, from Gorenjska and Dolenjska. We tried to prove the differences between the populations on the selected material of the Carniolan bee. Morphometric methods were used to demonstrate differences between populations, haplotypes were determined by sequencing the tRNAleu - cox2 section of mitochondrial DNA and the population was compared based on 19 microsatellite loci. We found that locally preserved groups from Dolenjska and Gorenjska differ in the size of the bones, legs, heels and radial distance. They also differ in the wing angles D7, G18 and K19. The most useful features for finding differences between groups are: the length of the tibia of the first leg, the area of the baskets, the length of the hind leg, and the area of the wing. We found a typically positive correlation between hind leg length with first leg tibia size and wing size. In our case, it was seen that the cubital index is not the most useful property for finding differences between groups within a race. With the analysis of mitochondrial DNA, we came to the result that the mitochondrial haplotype C2C predominates in Gorenjska and the haplotype C2E in Dolenjska. The analysis of microsatellite loci indicated moderate genetic differentiation between the groups, the greatest distance being between breeding bees and bees of the locally preserved population from Gorenjska. We can distinguish between preserved populations and populations under the influence of human selection. The effect is observed in both morphological properties and microsatellite loci.

• Keywords: carniolan bee, Apis mellifera carnica, morphology, mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, ecotype